<p>Excalibur Pot is a natural cave in the North York Moors area of England. It is the only major cave known in the North York Moors, and is formed within the Corallian limestone of the Upper Jurassic. The entrance is in the normally dry stream bed of Hutton Beck, midway between Hutton-le-Hole and Keldholme.</p><br>
<p>Two short pitches of 8 m and 5 m descend to a large chamber, which is followed by an extensive inlet series, and a large main streamway accessed by a 4 m pitch. Several areas have admirable formations, far more elaborate than anything else found on the North York Moors. The sources of the water are various sinks in Hutton Beck, and the stream eventually resurges from Bogg Hall Rising in the adjacent Douthwaite Dale at Keldholme. It has two other entrances, both associated with Hutton Beck - Jenga Pot (SE 71214 87563), and Secret Dig (SE 71488 87768).</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Douthwaite, G. & Ewles, M. 2008 "The Moorland Excalibur" Descent no. 202, pp 20–21</p><br>
<p>Ewles, M & Douthwaite G. 2009. Survey and Guide York Caving Club</p><br>
<p>Ewles, M. 2018. "The Sword and the Stone" Descent no. 258, pp 18–23</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Issac Elmer Williams House and Office are a pair of buildings in St. Marys, Ohio, United States. Built in 1903,</p><br>
<p>Immediately after graduating from the Kentucky School of Medicine at the University of Louisville in 1892, Williams began to practice medicine in St. Marys; he remained there until retirement in 1942. He built his house and office on the city&#39;s western side in 1903; their location adjacent to each other was a typical arrangement at the time for doctors in small cities such as St. Marys. These two buildings, both frame, feature the Queen Anne style common in the early twentieth century. Among the leading architectural features of the house are its large roof with multiple gables, of which the most prominent are those of the attic that feature imbricated shingles on their walls. Located to the south of the house, the office is a five-room single-story structure. Its design is similar to that of the house, including an attic gable with imbricated shingles.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the house and office were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places. They qualified for inclusion on the Register both because of their contribution to local history and because of their architecture. As virtually no changes have been made either to the house or to the office — inside or out — they are excellent examples of early twentieth-century Queen Anne architecture, especially because of their location adjacent to each other. Moreover, these buildings are significant because of their place as a house-and-office combination of a typical early twentieth-century doctor.</p><br>
<p>The Adolph Boesel House was a historic house in New Bremen, Ohio, United States. Built in 1898 in a combination of the Stick-Eastlake and Queen Anne styles of architecture, it was the home of a leading New Bremen citizen.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1860s, the Boesel name was associated with banking in New Bremen. In 1866, Charles Boesel established a small bank in New Bremen that expanded throughout the nineteenth century. Despite a split in the business in 1905, the Boesels remained in control of the original corporation, which was soon renamed the "First City Bank of New Bremen." Adolph Boesel later became president of this corporation, which in 1923 maintained deposits of nearly $570,000. Adolph was the son of Jacob Boesel, a two-term member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who was Charles oldest son. Besides serving the community as a banker for more than forty years, Boesel was a member of the local government, acting as the villages treasurer in 1905.</p><br>
<p>Boesel erected his house along Franklin Street on the village&#39;s western side in 1898; after he left the residence, it was the home of Alfred Rabe. A two-story structure with an attic, the house was a distinctive example of local architecture. In recognition of its place in local history, the Adolph Boesel House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Despite this honor, it has since been classified as demolished by the Ohio Historical Society because the home was moved from its original location. A new house occupies its original address. Nevertheless, the house remains listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Rathbun Lake was constructed and is operated by the USA Army Corps of Engineers. Located at Chariton River mile marker 142, approximately 7 miles north of Centerville, Iowa, in Appanoose County, it is one of the largest lakes in Iowa. The lake was constructed to control flooding, provide recreation opportunities, abate stream pollution, fish and wildlife enhancement, and maintain minimum stream flow on the Chariton, Missouri, and Mississippi Rivers. The Chariton and South Fork of the Chariton River are the major sources of water flowing into Rathbun Lake.</p><br>
<p>The construction of Rathbun Dam and Reservoir was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1954 (Public Law 83-780). Construction of the dam and embankment began in September 1964. The dam itself is rolled earthfill construction and is 10,129 feet long, 30 feet wide at the top, and rises 100 feet above the streambed. Operation as a multi-purpose unit began November 1969 and the top of multi-purpose pool (904 msl) was reached on October 10, 1970. Rathbun Lake was dedicated July 31, 1971 with President Richard Nixon being the keynote speaker.</p><br>
<p>Camping, sightseeing, fishing, boating, picnicking and hunting are favorite activities on and near Rathbun Lake. The lake’s fish and wildlife resources provide sightseers, fisherman, and hunters ample opportunities for their sports. Bald eagles, white-tailed deer, Canada geese, wild turkey, crappie, walleye, channel catfish and other wildlife can be found at Rathbun Lake. The size of the lake combined with the prevailing winds make Rathbun Lake one of the best sailing lakes in Iowa. One marina concession area, Buck Creek Marina (near the dam), provides a full line of marina services. Rathbun Lake is home to the Rathbun Yacht Club.</p><br>
<p>Eight parks have been developed for public recreation. Six are managed by the Corps of Engineers, and one state park is managed by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Recreation facilities include boat ramps, courtesy docks, campgrounds, picnic areas and playgrounds. Honey Creek State Park Resort opened in 2008 and is Iowa&#39;s first-ever state-run resort with more than a hundred guest rooms, an 18-hole golf course, and an indoor water park.</p><br>
<p>Rathbun Lake supplies the water treatment plant of Rathbun Regional Water Association (RRWA) which provides quality water to nearly 16,000 rural families, farms and communities in Iowa and Missouri. Average production at the plant during 2001 was 4.37 million gallons per day; however, the annual usage of the RRWA water system is equal to only 4 inches of Rathbun Lake water surface.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Young America City Hall is a historic building in Norwood Young America, Minnesota, United States. It is currently a private residence. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on January 4, 1980.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1909 for the city of Young America, which merged with the neighboring city of Norwood in 1997, it was converted into a single-family home by 2000.</p><br>
<p>The 4,000 ft&sup2; structure retains its original bell tower, tin ceilings, ticket window as well as original hardwood floors in what was converted to a basketball court. The most recent owners planned to live on the second floor and convert the main floor into a youth center, but the plans fell through when they needed to move for work. In its present layout, the structure includes four bedrooms, kitchen, living room and formal dining room, all on the upper level, as well as four bathrooms. A partial loft was added which includes a library with a gas fireplace, a recreation room and recording studio.</p><br>
<p>In May 2010 the structure was being offered for sale at a price of $449,900.</p><br>
<p>The Teltow Canal, also known as the in German, is a canal to the south of Berlin, the capital city of Germany. The canal lies in both the states of Berlin and Brandenburg, and at points forms the boundary between the two. It takes its name from the Brandeburgian region of Teltow and town of Teltow which lie on its course. The canal was constructed between 1900 and 1906 when it was opened by Wilhelm II.</p><br>
<p>The canal is 37.83 km in length and links the River Havel near the city of Potsdam with the River Dahme near Köpenick in Berlin&#39;s eastern suburbs. The Dahme provides a link to the Oder-Spree Canal, and hence to the River Oder and Poland. Whilst the Dahme is a tributary of the River Spree, itself a navigable tributary of the Havel, the Teltow Canal offers the advantage of bypassing the centre of Berlin, with its heavy river traffic.</p><br>
<p>At its western end, the Teltow Canal incorporates the Griebnitzsee lake which links to the Havel in Potsdam. The Griebnitz Canal provides a second link to the Havel from the eastern end of the Griebnitzsee. Towards its eastern end, the Teltow Canal is linked to the Landwehr Canal by the Neukölln Ship Canal, while the Britz Canal connects the Teltow Canal with the Spree.</p><br>
<p>There is only one lock on the canal, at Kleinmachnow. The canal is navigable by boats with a draught of up to 1.75 m and with a maximum bridge clearance of 4.4 m.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church is a former parish of the Diocese of Davenport. The church is located in Dallas township in rural Marion County, Iowa, United States. It was part of the now defunct village of Bauer. The closest communities are Melcher-Dallas and Lacona. The church building still stands and together with the adjacent cemetery comprises an historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s was founded in 1853 to serve German immigrants in a place in western Marion County called Newbern, or New Bern. The unincorporated village that was built around the church was later called Bauer after the family name of the areas earliest German settlers. The parish was founded in the Diocese of Dubuque during the episcopate of Bishop Mathias Loras. The church building was built in 1876 under the leadership of Bishop John Hennessy. Initially, the parish did not have a resident priest and was served by priests located at St. Patrick’s in Georgetown. Its first two church buildings were log structures that were built on the same property of the present church. The Rev. John Baumann was assigned as the first resident parish priest. The first rectory was built in 1873.</p><br>
<p>Baumann blessed the cornerstone for the present church on October 3, 1875 and the Rev. S. Cann preached a sermon. Limestone, which is abundant in this area, was from a quarry located southeast of the church and used for the foundation. The clay for the bricks was excavated from the property, and the bricks were formed and fired on site under the direction of parishioner Jacob Metz. Other members of the parish built the building. The finished church building was dedicated in 1876. Shortly after the church was built Father Wieland replaced Baumann as pastor. The high altar and the altar of the Blessed Virgin Mary were created by Buscher & Kramer and installed in 1880. The St. Joseph altar was installed sometime later. The pews were installed the following year, as were the bells in tower. The bells were produced by J. G. Struckstede and Brother of St. Louis, Missouri. Bells are dedicated to the honor of the saints (Ad Honorem Sts.) and St. Joseph (Sancta Joseph). In 1881 the parish became part of the Davenport Diocese when it was established. A reed organ built by the Estey Organ Company of Brattleboro, Vermont was installed around 1900. The plaster Stations of the Cross were added in 1916.</p><br>
<p>Other parishes were founded from Bauer in Knoxville, Rose Mount and Lacona. German remained the language used for sermons and church services, when Latin was not required, until March 1913 during the pastorate of the Rev. Charles Dohrmann. The younger members of the parish had insisted up until that time that at least some of the sermons be preached in English. That same year a new rectory was built across the road from the church. It is a 2½-story, frame, American Foursquare dwelling. As the 20th century progressed the German population at Bauer became more aligned with the mainstream American culture and the influence of ethnic traditions was reduced. As the numbers of clergy started to decline, St. Joseph’s lost its resident priest in 1969 and it was clustered with other parishes. The rectory was sold in 1972 and remains in place as a private home. The number of parishioners declined as well and the parish was closed in the 1990s.</p><br>
<h2>Parochial School</h2><br>
<p>The parish supported a school that was begun as late as 1877 with a lay teacher. Eventually the school was staffed by the School Sisters of St. Francis from Milwaukee. A 2½ story, frame, school building and convent, no longer extant, was built in 1904 to the north of the church.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s was one of seven parochial schools in the Davenport Diocese that operated as public schools. All of these areas were predominantly Catholic, nearly 100%. In the early 20th century the state of Iowa required all districts to have a school. Parochial schools fulfilled the requirement. Funds were used to pay at least some of the Sister’s salaries, books (except for religion), equipment and other items per the contract with the state. In Bauer the salary that was paid to the Sisters was so low that the superintendent chose not to report it so as to not bring down the salary level of the other teachers in the district. A map was the only piece of equipment that was provided, and $50 a year was provided for coal to heat the school. Starting in 1937 lawsuits were brought against the districts challenging their legal right to employ the Sisters. The District Court upheld the practice, but the state Supreme Court overturned the decision and left it open for a retrial. The case was dropped as was one in 1941. While the state could not restrict employing teachers based on their religious beliefs, they could restrict what they wore. The Sisters continued to wear their habits, but they removed their rosarys and reliquaries. In 1953 the state legislature passed a law that refused state aid to these parish based schools. The school at St. Joseph’s became a parochial school and remained open until 1964. After the school was discontinued the building remained on the church grounds into the 1990s and served as a parish hall and local community center.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Church is a 60 by brick structure built on a limestone foundation. It is rectangular in shape and its main facade is dominated by a square tower that projects from it. The tower is divided into two sections by a course of stone that is surmounted by a large stone cross. It is capped by a hip roof and a cross. Brick corbelling is found underneath the eaves of the west, north, and south elevations of the building, and around the top of the bell chamber. The corbelling on the main facade (west elevation) is laid on a diagonal, parallel to the slope of the gabled roof. The east elevation does not have corbelling, but features instead double rose windows with the lower window being somewhat larger. While the upper window cannot be seen on the interior, its original mullions remain in place. The side elevations feature four lancet windows that are evenly spaced. Metal shingles cover the roof of the nave. A single-story, frame sacristy protrudes from the east wall of the church. It is a later addition to the larger structure.</p><br>
<p>The altar platform is located on the east end of the interior. The high altar is no longer extant, but the side altars remain in place. The pews are organized in four sections across the width of the nave, with three aisles separating them. Some of the original pews remain in the gallery, but those of the main floor were added at a later date. The stained glass windows depict the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Boniface (the apostle to the Germans), St. Francis of Assisi, St. Barbara, and St. Catherine of Siena.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>St. Josephs Cemetery measures 183 by with burial plots laid out in a grid pattern. It is located directly east of the church with an entrance on the west side adjacent to the church. An iron gateway arch with the words "St. Josephs Cemetery" marks the entrance. A pedestrian walk down the middle terminates at an altar towards the center and divides the cemetery into three sections. The altar was built of flagstone on two poured concrete steps. It features a sculpture of the Crucifixion that is about 10 ft in height with a cross made out of wood. It is flanked by life-size statues of the Virgin Mary and St. John the Evangelist. The statues are painted metal and are believed to date sometime prior to World War I.</p><br>
<p>The first five rows in the north section of the cemetery are restricted to the burial of children. There are no restrictions in the rest of the cemetery. The earliest grave markers are from 1851, which was two years before the parish was established. The markers are made from various kinds of stone, notably limestone and granite, and were executed in a variety of styles. One of the more prominent styles include 40 cross-on-stone markers that can be divided into three basic forms. The oldest form is used in seven grave markers. It is a cross-on-tablet marker that consists of a small, tablet-like marker that is surmounted by a stone cross. While they vary in height they are typically 2.5 ft high. With 21 examples the cross-on-shaft grave marker is the most popular. They date from the last quarter of the 19th century. This style features a stepped base, a narrow rectangular column, and a carved stone cross at the top. They also vary in height, but several of them measure 5 ft in height. The third form is the largest of the three. Called a cross-on-block it consists of a large, rectangular block, that is capped with a cross. They also vary in height, but there are several examples that are 6 ft in height. The 12 examples of this style date from the first two decades of the 20th century. There are also variations of this style which include the cross being inscribed on the block itself. A heart is another prominent symbol used on grave markers in the cemetery. It is found prominently in the children&#39;s section and on the marker for Sister Columba, the only professed religious buried in the cemetery. There are only a few grave markers that feature urns, which were popular in Victorian cemeteries in Iowa. Noticeably absent are iron cross grave markers that are found in the several German settlements in Iowa.</p><br>
<p>St. Patrick’s Catholic Church is a parish of the Diocese of Davenport. The church is located in rural Monroe County, Iowa, United States, on USA Route 34, west of Albia, Iowa. It is located in an unincorporated area known as Georgetown and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Foundation</h3><br>
<p>The area that would come to be known as Georgetown was settled by people of Irish descent from St. Louis, Missouri and Pennsylvania. Many who settled the area came to build the first railroad west of the Des Moines River and they originally named the settlement Staceyville. At the time the entire state of Iowa was part of the Diocese of Dubuque. The Rev. Jean Villars from Keokuk visited the area starting in 1848 and celebrated Mass in people’s homes. In the 1850s the Rev. John Kreckel from St. Mary of the Visitation in Ottumwa started visiting the area monthly until a small log church called St. Gregory’s was built in 1851.</p><br>
<p>As the community grew, in large part because of Irish immigration, a new church building was needed. They decided to build a mile west, closer to the village of Staceyville. Construction on the new St. Gregory’s Church was begun in 1860 and completed in 1865, the same year the Rev. Bernard P. McMenomy was assigned to the parish. The American Civil War had delayed construction of the church. The church was designed by the Rev. Timothy Clifford and constructed of brick and sandstone in the Gothic Revival style by Carr & Cullen. The sandstone was quarried by hand from Babb’s Quarry a few miles away. The parish became a missionary center in southern Iowa. The pastor visited communities in Afton, Bauer, Chariton, Dutch Settlement, Irish Settlement (Decatur County), Leon, Melrose, Osceola, and Woodburn.</p><br>
<p>The church was renamed St. Patrick’s in 1872 in acknowledgement of the parishioners’ Irish ancestry. Staceyville was renamed Georgetown sometime later. The parish became a part of the Davenport Diocese when it was established in 1881.</p><br>
<p>The stained glass windows were added to the church in 1892. The small bell tower with a short spire that sits on top of the roof above the main entrance of the church was added in 1903. It houses a bell that the congregation bought in 1896. A renovation of the church&#39;s interior from 1905 to 1906 included building an inclined floor, a pressed tin ceiling, new pews, altars and statues. The pipe organ was installed in the back gallery in 1924.</p><br>
<h3>Parochial School</h3><br>
<p>The parish supported a school staffed by the Congregation of the Humility of Mary from Ottumwa. It was one of seven parochial schools in the diocese that operated as public schools. All of these areas were predominantly Catholic, nearly 100%. In the early 20th century the state of Iowa required all districts to have a school. Parochial schools fulfilled the requirement. Funds were used to pay at least some of the Sister’s salaries, books (except for religion), equipment and other items per the contract with the state. Starting in 1937 lawsuits were brought against the districts challenging their legal right to employ the Sisters. The District Court upheld the practice, but the state Supreme Court overturned the decision and left it open for a retrial. The case was dropped as was one in 1941. While the state could not restrict employing teachers based on their religious beliefs, they could restrict what they wore. The Sisters continued to wear their habits, but they removed their rosarys and reliquaries. In 1953 the state legislature passed a law that refused state aid to these schools. The school at Georgetown chose to replace the Sisters with lay teachers so they could continue to receive financial aid from the state. The school closed in 1959.</p><br>
<h3>The Modern era</h3><br>
<p>The church building was extensively renovated in the late 1950s. The altar was moved forward and a central heating system was installed. A kitchen and meeting rooms were added to the church’s north side. The ceiling was lowered, obscuring the tin ceiling, and new walls and flooring were installed. The side entrances into the church were closed off and replaced with shrines. Running water and electricity were added to the sacristy and social rooms.</p><br>
<p>Two tornadoes struck St. Patrick’s in 1963 and 1969. On both occasions the church’s roof was damaged.</p><br>
<p>As the numbers of clergy started to decline, St. Patrick’s lost its resident priest and it was clustered with other parishes in Monroe County. It has been run by a lay Parish Life Coordinator under the direction of a Canonical Pastor since the 1990s. The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Other additions to the parish grounds include a memorial garden with a new statue of St. Patrick. It was added in 2002 as a memorial to a former pastor, the Rev. Mark Swanson. A new parish hall was built in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Patricks Church is a 100 by sandstone structure. The stones vary in color from beige to brown. They are roughly cut and measure 8 in to 20 in in length and 6 in to 10 in in width. The main facade features a central, double-door entryway that is flanked by two single-door entryways. The two side entrances were closed in a renovation project between 1959 and 1960. The facade is divided into three bays by four non load-bearing buttresses. Lancet window are located above all three entry ways with three windows located in the central bay. There are six pointed arch windows located along the east and west elevations of the church. The north elevation features a rose window, which can no longer be seen on the interior because of a dropped ceiling and wall that were added to the churchs interior in 1956.</p><br>
<p>St. Michael’s Catholic Church is a former parish of the Diocese of Davenport. The church is located in the unincorporated village of Holbrook, east of Parnell, Iowa, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as St. Michael’s Church, Cemetery, Rectory, and Ancient Order of Hibernians Hallin 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Holbrook</h2><br>
<p>The parish buildings represent the Irish-Catholic settlement of Holbrook. The area of Iowa County, Iowa that became known as Holbrook was settled by Irish immigrants or descendants of Irish immigrants. Thomas Hanson, one of those settlers, brought the priest from Iowa City in his lumber wagon and Mass was celebrated in his home. People from the surrounding area would gather for the Mass. The former rectory sits across the highway from the church and the former Hibernian Hall is across the cemetery to the west. The cemetery surrounds the church on three sides. Other than a few houses, they are all that is left of the village which at one time had a post office and a store.</p><br>
<h2>St. Michael's Parish</h2><br>
<p>The parish was established in 1843 and plans to erect a church were begun. A small frame church was built in what is now St. Michael’s Cemetery, near the site of the present church building. The Rev. Mathias Hannon, who came to Holbrook from St. Mary&#39;s in Iowa City for the first time in 1853, described the church thus, "I said mass within before the floor was laid, had the beautiful snow for carpet, and a pine box for an altar in fact a place as forlorn as the stable wherein the Savior was born. There was no more than fourteen families."</p><br>
<p>Bishop Mathias Loras of the Diocese of Dubuque assigned the Rev. Peter J. Sullivan as the first resident pastor. He built the current church building in the Romanesque Revival style in 1867. The building is constructed of brick, measures 90 by 50 feet and cost about $2,000 to build. The pastor himself donated the paintings for the Stations of the Cross, which cost $1,000. They are no longer in the church and what happened to them is unknown.</p><br>
<p>The parish became part of the Davenport Diocese when it was established in 1881. Alterations were made to the buildings as the years continued. The bell, which is still in the tower, was cast in St. Louis in 1882. A new dome was placed on top of the bell tower during the pastorate of the Rev. Thomas King (1889–1909). During the pastorate of the Rev. Edward Gaule (1909–1917) a new sanctuary with new altars were added to the church. The new bell tower, the third one constructed on this site, was added at this time as well. An addition was added onto the rectory when the Rev. John J. Moriarity (1917–1922) was the pastor. The Rev. James M. Ryan (1922–1927) added stucco to the exterior of the church during his pastorate.</p><br>
<p>In 1885 Bishop Henry Cosgrove assigned the Rev. James Davis as the pastor. He was an Irish immigrant who came to the Dubuque Diocese shortly after his ordination in 1878. At the time St. Joseph’s in Parnell was a mission to St. Michael’s, and Davis built both the school and church there. He also built the front part of the present rectory in Holbrook. Four years later he was transferred to St. Margaret’s Cathedral in Davenport. He would be the cathedral’s rector and direct the construction of the new Sacred Heart Cathedral. The people of Holbrook considered the transfer a demotion seeing as St. Margaret’s was a smaller parish. Father Davis went on to become coadjutor bishop in 1904 and then Bishop of Davenport in 1906.</p><br>
<p>As the 20th century progressed the rural population of Iowa decreased, and the Holbrook area was no different. Toward the end of the century St. Michael’s was clustered with other parishes in the area and served by a single priest. Finally, in the 1990s it was determined that there were no longer enough people to keep the parish open. In a little over a century St. Michael’s went from being “the largest and best parish in the diocese” to closing. The parish buildings were sold to the Friend’s of St. Michael’s, who are now responsible for their upkeep.</p><br>
<h2>Ancient Order of Hibernians Hall</h2><br>
<p>The Hibernian Hall was built in 1899 by the local chapter of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. It was deeded to the parish corporation in 1948 and was renamed St. Michael&#39;s Parish Hall. It is a 1½-story frame structure that sits to the west of the church. The structure as two gables, one in the front and one in the back, and is covered in clapboard. The round-arch windows mimic those of the church. They are surrounded by drip molds. There is an odd-placed rectangular window above and to one side of the entrance. It appears in an early photo of the structure, but it may not be original.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary’s Catholic Church is a parish church of the Diocese of Davenport. The church is located at the corner of St. Mary’s and Washburn Streets in the town of Riverside, Iowa, United States. The entire parish complex forms an historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places as St. Mary’s Parish Church Buildings. The designation includes the church building, rectory, the former church , and former school building. The former convent, which was included in the historical designation, is no longer in existence.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Catholicism came to the area that would become Riverside in 1846 when the Rev. John Alleman organized a parish named St. Vincent two miles west of the present town of Riverside, near the English River. With the help of the Schnoebalen and Edelstein families, he built a log church and laid out a town site which was named Strassburg. Riverside was established after the Muscatine Western Railroad built a line in 1872 from Muscatine that passed along the north side of the English River. A small town named Yatton had been laid out south of the river in 1856. The townspeople moved across the river to be near the railroad and joined others in the establishing Riverside. As the number of German and Irish Catholics increased in Riverside it was decided to build a church in town.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary’s was established in 1876 with the Rev. William Purcell as pastor. The church building was constructed of brick produced and laid by H.L. Swift. The first Mass in the church was celebrated on Palm Sunday in 1877. At the time the parish was part of the Diocese of Dubuque. It transferred to the Diocese of Davenport when it was established five years later. A rectory was built in the 1880s to the north of the church.</p><br>
<p>The parish has operated schools at different times throughout its history. The first parochial schools in the area were begun in Richmond, St. Vincents and St. Stanislaus. The children from Riverside generally went to Richmond for school where Joseph Fuhrman was the teacher. The first grade school was started at St. Marys in 1878 when a committee from the parish convinced Fuhrman to teach there rather than in Richmond, where classes were held under the gallery of the church. The next year classes for St. Mary&#39;s School were taught in the Tabernacle, a former Baptist church. When the Rev. A.J. Drexler was pastor, a combination school building and convent was constructed between 1888 and 1889 west of the church. Franciscan Sisters taught in the school from 1889 to 1902. They were replaced by the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.</p><br>
<p>The 40 year pastorate of the Rev. Bernard Jacobsmeier began in 1905. He initiated a building program that began with the present church that was begun the year he arrived. It was built on the site of the rectory, which was removed. The original church was converted into a parish hall, and a second floor was added to create an auditorium. The following year a rectory, in matching brick, was built next to the church. The final building to round out the parish complex was a new school in 1912. After it was completed the combination school/convent was remodeled for exclusive use as a convent.</p><br>
<p>The parish started supporting a high school the same year the new school was built. It was discontinued in 1960. The rest of the school remained in operation until 1969, when the grade school closed for the first time. When the Rev. Thomas Mohr was pastor the grade school reopened in 1978 and in 1980 there were 36 students enrolled in preschool to sixth grade. The Franciscan Sisters of Christ the Divine Teacher from Davenport began teaching in the school in the 1980s. Because of the financial burden and low enrollment the school closed once more. The parish has subsequently sold the school building and the convent has been torn down and replaced by a parking lot.</p><br>
<p>Since the late 1990s the parish has been clustered with Holy Trinity Parish in Richmond and St. Joseph Parish in Wellman. The pastor of the three parishes resides in the rectory at Riverside. The basement of the church was renovated into a parish hall during the pastorate of the Rev. John Gallagher. An addition was added onto the original church, now called St. Mary&#39;s Hall, and it too was renovated creating the St. Mary’s Education Center when the Rev. Richard Adam was pastor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The current church building (1907) is built of red brick in the Gothic Revival style. The structure follows a basilica plan with what appears to be transept wings on the exterior, however, they are not true structural features. The main facade is dominated by a tall central bell tower and spire. Each face of the tower has a clock in the gable at the top. Below the bell chamber surrounded by a round arch is a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Two shorter towers capped with pinnacles are located on the corners. There are three entrances across the front with octafoil windows, and above the side entrances are paired round arch windows with small octafoil windows above them. Decorative brickwork is found in the upper portions of the exterior walls. The single nave interior is seven bays in length with a rounded seven-sided apse at the far end. The building contains period stained glass windows, its original wooden altars and a pipe organ. The side altars are located within pointed arch alcoves. Two murals that were painted in oil over the side altars and the Twelve Apostles on the intradoses of the nave arches were completed in 1937. The building was somewhat altered when the basement was remodeled into a parish hall to accommodate an entrance and a staircase between the hall and the main body of the church on the west side of the building. The changes were designed to blend with the original building.</p><br>
<p>The original church (1877) is a simple version of the Gothic Revival style. It is a front-gable, brick structure that was built on a stone foundation. The side elevations are five bays in length. They are divided by flat brick pilasters, and each bay has a tall lancet window in the center. The main facade is symmetrical and three bays across its width. The main entrance is located within a slightly projecting pavilion. Beneath the eaves is a line of corbelling. At one time the main entrance and the upper portions of the lancet windows were closed while the lower portion of the windows were filled in with glass block. A new entrance with a brick vestibule was created along the east side. A renovation in the early 21st century opened up the main entrance and the lancet windows, which were filled with tinted glass. A modern addition was added to the west side of the building to house religious education classes.</p><br>
<p>The rectory (1908) is constructed of the same brick as the church. The two-story house is capped with a modest hip roof, intersecting gables with partial cornice returns and a low hipped roof dormer on the west side. A one-story porch wraps around the southwest corner of the house. It features square brick piers, simple wooden spindle balustrade, and a shallow triangular pediment above the front steps. The house&#39;s window sills and lintels are concrete.</p><br>
<p>The school (1912) is a two-story brick structure built on a Bedford limestone foundation. The nearly square-plan building is capped with a low hipped roof and projecting rafter ends beneath the eaves. It features a full-height frontispiece that slightly projects from the main block. The main entrance into the building is recessed in a round stone arch. Above the entrance is a Palladian window on the second floor. On the north side of the building is a secondary entrance located in a small, hipped-roof porch.</p><br>
<p>The former convent (1889), no longer extant, was a two-story structure that was built of locally produced orange brick. It had a high hip roof with a broad deck that was once edged with iron cresting. The side elevations were six bays in length, and the walls on the south side of the building slightly extended beyond those of the northern half. A cupola was originally located on the southern end of the roof and later removed. The main entrance was also originally located on the south elevation before it was moved to the center of the east elevation.</p><br>
<p>The Century Flyer is a gauge train originally built as an amusement park ride. It is located on the grounds of the Conway Human Development Center, a residential facility that treats patients with developmental disabilities at 150 East Siebenmorgen Road in Conway, Arkansas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This train was built in the early 1950s by National Amusement Devices, a manufacturer of roller coaster cars. This company built several of the Century Flyer train sets for use at amusement parks around the country. This particular train set was sold to the Burns Park "Funland" in North Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957.</p><br>
<p>In 1959, the train and tracks were sold to a local professional womens organization, who donated them to the Conway Human Development Center (then known as the Arkansas Childrens Colony) for use by the patients. One third of a mile of track was laid and two trestles were built.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the train and track fell into disrepair. The Central Arkansas Model Railroad Club volunteered to upgrade and refurbish the train and track.</p><br>
<p>The Century Flyer was listed in the National Register of Historic Places due to its being one of the few remaining trains built by National Amusement Devices still operating.</p><br>
<p>The Mayfair House was a historic 14 story apartment building completed in 1926 and located at 401 West Johnson Street in the West Mount Airy neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on Lincoln Drive between Johnson and Cliveden Streets. It was considered "one of the city&#39;s most original and distinctive landmarks, a major architectural work."</p><br>
<p>It may be considered part of a set of three apartment buildings in the area, the others being the Alden Park Manor and McCallum Manor which offered a type of modern city living in the early 20th century in a suburban, even rustic, setting. The Regency architecture also offered "ethnic continuity" to Philadelphia&#39;s anglophile culture.</p><br>
<p>The building has been destroyed and 401 West Johnson Street is now an empty lot.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Joseph Leidy House is a historic residence located at 1319 Locust Street between S. 13th and S. Juniper Streets in the Washington Square West neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1893-94 and was designed in the Georgian style by noted architect Wilson Eyre to be the home of Joseph Leidy, Jr., the nephew of Joseph Leidy , a noted American paleontologist with whom he is often confused. The house is next door to the Clarence B. Moore House, which was designed by Eyre in 1890. From 1925 to 1979, the Leidy House served as the clubhouse of the now-defunct Poor Richard Club, whose members worked in advertising, and, with the Moore House next door, was part of the Charles Morris Price School of Advertising and Journalism. Currently, it is the headquarters of District 1199C, the National Union of Hospital and Health Care Employees.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Slezská Harta Dam  is a water reservoir and dam in the Nízký Jeseník mountain range, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. The dam is built on upper course of the Moravice River. With the surface of 8.7 km² it is one of the largest reservoirs in the country. It was constructed in 1987-1998.</p><br>
<p>During the construction parts of six villages were demolished and subsequently flooded. The village of Karlovec was completely flooded and ceased to exist. Today only Saint John Nepomucen Church and several other abandoned buildings remain at the reservoir&#39;s shore. Villages of Dlouhá Stráň, Nová Pláň, Razová, Roudno and Leskovec nad Moravicí were also partially flooded and are today located on the shore of the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The dam is used mainly to generate electricity, supply drinking water to nearby towns and villages and to subdue floods on the Moravice River.</p><br>
<p>Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church complex located at 875 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo in Erie County, New York. The complex consists of the large cruciform-plan church building that was built in 1894 with an attached rear chapel. Adjoining them is the Community House that constructed of brick in the Tudor Revival style, that was built in 1921. The main church building is constructed of Medina sandstone with a terra cotta tile roof in the Romanesque Revival style. It features a 120 ft, square bell tower with a pyramidal roof. The church cost $150,000 to build and has a capacity of 1,000 people</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current church was the parish&#39;s third, and was built in response to demand for a larger place of worship. The parish originally worshiped in a building located at Lafayette Square.</p><br>
<p>The Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. It is located in the Elmwood Historic District–East.</p><br>
<p>Borġ in-Nadur is an archaeological site located in open fields overlooking St George&#39;s Bay, near Birżebbuġa, Malta. It is occupied by a Tarxien phase megalithic temple as well as the remains of a Bronze Age village which includes the earliest fortification in Malta. The site is located close to various Bronze Age cart ruts and silos, as well as Saint George Redoubt which was built thousands of years later in 1715–1716.</p><br>
<h2>Megalithic temple</h2><br>
<p>A temple was constructed in the area in around 2500 BC, during the Tarxien phase of Maltese prehistory and the last phase of the Temple period. The architecture shows a typical four-apse plan, although the wall made up of megaliths is quite low. The temple&#39;s entrance has two upright megaliths which can still be seen. A large covered niche stands close to the entrance but its capstone is now broken into three pieces.</p><br>
<p>The temple lacks the artistic decorations associated with similar temples from the era such as Tarxien Temples or Ħaġar Qim. A small cemetery is located about 9m away from the main temple.</p><br>
<h2>Bronze Age village</h2><br>
<p>In the Bronze Age period, a flourishing village colonized the site of the former temple as well as the surrounding area, which had since been abandoned. The temple was converted into a group of dwellings, and various huts were built in the area around it. The huts&#39; foundations still exist, but they cannot be seen today since they were reburied after being excavated and studied. Scattered sherds were found in a large area all around the temple. Some of these were Mycenaean in origin, indicating that there was direct or indirect contact between the Maltese and Aegean civilization.</p><br>
<p>The inhabitants fortified their settlement with a 4.5m D-shaped bastion in order to bar access to the village. The wall was built facing inland, suggesting that the people living in the village were more concerned with attacks from the land than from the sea. After the area was excavated, the wall was not reburied and it still standing. It is believed to be the oldest surviving fortification in Malta, and it is the best preserved among the six sites in Malta identified as having been fortified settlements in the Bronze Age.</p><br>
<p>Cart ruts and silos located in the area around Borġ in-Nadur are also believed to date back to the Bronze Age. The site is believed to have been abandoned in around 500 BC, when Malta fell under the control of the Phoenicians.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations and recent history</h2><br>
<p>The temple was discovered in the 16th century. The French cleric John Quintin noticed the various scattered megaliths and ruined structures and identified them as the ruins of a sanctuary of Hercules. The first excavations took place two centuries later, when Annetto Caruana dug various trenches inside the temple complex and discovered the Bronze Age fortification.</p><br>
<p>Other excavations took place in the 19th and 20th centuries. By now, it was thought that the temple was Punic in origin, and that it was dedicated to Melqart. In 1881, the first foundations of the Bronze Age huts in the fields surrounding the temple were discovered. After being excavated, the huts&#39; foundations were reburied for preservation, but the ancient bastion was left exposed. The team leading the excavation restored the wall with new stones where the original ones were missing. The mound of earth that was removed in the excavation of this wall remains there to this day and it is now known as Borġ in-Nadur Hill.</p><br>
<p>On 31 May 1920, 32 prehistoric silos in the vicinity of Borġ in-Nadur were destroyed to make way for a new road. Another 41 silos were destroyed when the road was widened later on. Despite this, other silos still exist and can be seen in the area around St George&#39;s Bay. Between 1922 and 1927, Margaret Murray investigated the main temple area. Further excavations of the Bronze Age village took place in 1959, and the foundations were once again reburied after being studied.</p><br>
<p>The site was included on the Antiquities List of 1925.</p><br>
<p>The site is now closed to the public and its preservation is the responsibility of Heritage Malta. Today, Borġ in-Nadur is not very well preserved and it appears as a large site, only slightly visible on the ground.</p><br>
<p>Since 2006, a local resident Angelik Caruana claimed to have seen visions of the Virgin Mary at Borġ in-Nadur Hill, and a cross was erected on the hill to mark these apparitions. In 2016, the church concluded that the apparitions were not divine.</p><br>
<p>The Boston Public Library McKim Building  in Copley Square contains the librarys research collection, exhibition rooms and administrative offices. When it opened in 1895, the new Boston Public Library was proclaimed a "palace for the people." The building includes lavish decorations, a childrens room , and a central courtyard surrounded by an arcaded gallery in the manner of a Renaissance cloister. The library regularly displays its rare works, often in exhibits that will combine works on paper, rare books, and works of art. Several galleries in the third floor of the McKim building are maintained for exhibits.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Boston Public Library was founded in 1852. The first Boston Public Library location opened in 1854 in two rooms in the Adams School on Mason Street. Because the Mason Street space was small and poorly lit, a new building opened at 55 Boylston Street in 1858. It cost $365,000 to build and held 70,000 volumes. By 1880, the Boston Public Library again needed a larger building to accommodate its holdings, and architect Charles Follen McKim of McKim, Mead, and White was chosen to design a new building at the corner of Dartmouth Street and Boylston Street. It opened in 1895 and cost $2,268,000, with a capacity of 2 million books.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Charles Follen McKims design shows influence from a number of architectural precedents. McKim drew explicitly on the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in Paris (designed by Henri Labrouste, built 1845 to 1851) for the general arrangement of the facade that fronts on Copley Square, but his detailing of that facades arcaded windows owes a clear debt to the side elevations of Leon Battista Alberti&#39;s Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini. The open-air courtyard at the center of the building is based closely on that of the sixteenth-century Palazzo della Cancelleria in Rome; in its center is a copy of the, once controversial, statue Bacchante and Infant Faun. McKim also exploited up-to-date building technology, as the library represents one of the first major applications, in the United States, of the system of thin tile vaults (or catalan vaults) exported from the Catalan architectural tradition by the Valencian Rafael Guastavino. Seven different types of Guastavino vaulting can be seen in the library.</p><br>
<p>The McKim building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986 for its architectural and historical significance, given Boston Landmark status by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 2000. It was the first major Beaux Arts building in the United States, and it was also the first large-scale urban library building in the nation.</p><br>
<h3>Murals</h3><br>
<p>Murals include recently restored paintings by John Singer Sargent on the theme of The Triumph of Religion; Edwin Austin Abbey&#39;s most famous work, a series of murals which depict the Grail legend; and paintings of the Muses by Pierre Puvis de Chavannes.</p><br>
<h3>Monumental inscriptions</h3><br>
<p>McKim chose to have monumental inscriptions, similar to those found on basilicas and monuments in ancient Rome, in the entablature on each of the main buildings three façades. On the south is inscribed: "&quot on the east: "&quot and on the north: "". The last quotation has been attributed to the librarys Board of Trustees.</p><br>
<p>Another inscription, above the keystone of the central entrance, proclaims: "". Below each second-story arched window on the three façades are inscribed lists of the names of great historical writers, artists, scientists, philosophers, and statesmen.</p><br>
<p>Across the street from the central entrance to the library is a twentieth-century monument to the Lebanese-born poet and philosopher Kahlil Gibran who as a young immigrant educated himself in the Boston Public Library. The monuments inscription responds to the McKim building reading "". The text is excerpted from a letter enclosed with Gibrans generous bequest to the library.</p><br>
<h3>Bates Hall</h3><br>
<p>Bates Hall is named for the librarys first great benefactor, Joshua Bates. Boston Globe writer Sam Allis described "Bates Hall, the great reading room of the BPL, vast and hushed and illuminated with a profusion of green lampshades like fireflies" as one of Bostons "secular spots that are sacred." The form of Bates Hall, rectilinear but terminated with a semi-circular apse on each end, recalls a Roman basilica. A series of robust double coffers in the ceiling provide a sculptural canopy to the room. The east side has a rhythmic series of arched windows with light buffered by wide overhanging hood on the exterior. Heavy deep green silk velvet drapery installed in 1888, and again in the 1920s and 1950s, was not recreated in the 1993 restoration of the room. The drapery helped to muffle sound and lower light levels.</p><br>
<h2>Research collection</h2><br>
<p>Included in the BPL&#39;s research collection are more than 1.7 million rare books and manuscripts. It possesses wide-ranging and important holdings, including medieval manuscripts and incunabula, early editions of William Shakespeare (among which are a number of Shakespeare quartos and the First Folio), the George Ticknor collection of Spanish literature, a major collection of Daniel Defoe, records of colonial Boston, the 3,800 volume personal library of John Adams, the mathematical and astronomical library of Nathaniel Bowditch, important manuscript archives on abolitionism, including the papers of William Lloyd Garrison, and a major collection of materials on the Sacco and Vanzetti case. There are large collections of prints, photographs, postcards, and maps. The library, for example, holds one of the major collections of watercolors and drawings by Thomas Rowlandson. The library has a special strength in music, and holds the archives of the Handel and Haydn Society, scores from the estate of Serge Koussevitzky, and the papers of the important American composer Walter Piston.</p><br>
<p>The Pajarito Mountains are a small mountain range of western Santa Cruz County, Arizona. The range is adjacent the Atascosa Mountains at its north, with both ranges in the center of a north-south sequence of ranges called the Tumacacori Highlands. The Highlands have the Tumacacori Mountains at the north, and south of the USA-Mexico border, the Sierra La Esmeralda range, . The Tumacacori Highlands are part of a regional conservancy study of travel corridors for cats, called Cuatro Gatos, Four Cats, for mountain lions, ocelot, bobcat, and jaguar.</p><br>
<p>The lower elevation Cerro Colorado Mountains to the northwest, and the San Luis Mountains, west are also part of the Highlands region. At the west of the Pajaritos and adjacent to the San Luis range, and Cobre Ridge peaks, is the Pajarito Wilderness. East of the Highlands is the Santa Cruz River Valley corridor.</p><br>
<h2>Range specifics</h2><br>
<p>The highest peak in the range is Pajarito Peak at 5,236 ft due south of Peña Blanca Lake; the peak is at the headwaters of Calabasas and Pesquiera Canyons. In the west of the range at the Pajarito Wilderness, a water divide makes some drainages flow south into northern Sonora. The other drainages flow northeast to the Santa Cruz River, or northwest to the north-flowing Altar Valley. Cobre Ridge at the northwest merges into the southwest San Luis Mountains, and the peaks of Cobre Ridge range from Black Peak, 5,086 ft in the northwest, Cobre Mountain, then Bartlett Mountain, 4,107 ft and Flat Top Mountain, 4,222 ft at the west of the Pajarito Wilderness.</p><br>
<p>Nogales, Arizona and Nogales, Sonora lie at the eastern foothills of the range in the upper region of the north-south Santa Cruz River Valley, and in the I-19 corridor.</p><br>
<p>Peña Blanca Lake is a mountainous getaway site, about 8 mi on Ruby Road from I-19. Ruby Road continues about 25 miles, much on unimproved surfaces, through the mountains to the area of the ghost town site of Ruby, Arizona, just northwest of the Pajarito Wilderness, and east of Cobre Ridge, and then loops back eastward to I-19 at Amado.</p><br>
<p>Two common trails of the mountain area are the Atascosa Lookout, and the Sycamore Canyon Trail, (for the Arizona sycamore, Platanus wrightii). As part of southeast Arizona, southwest New Mexico, Sonora and northwest Chihuahua&#39;s Madrean Sky Islands, mountainous sky island region, birdwatching finds these mountain sites as prime locales for bird species ranging north out of the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera. (One sought after example is the elegant trogon species.)</p><br>
<p>The highest peak, Pajarito Peak is located at 31.35149&deg;N latitude, 111.09954&deg;W longitude.</p><br>
<h2>The "Tumacacori Highlands"</h2><br>
<p>The Tumacacori Highlands is a series of connected mountain ranges in western Santa Cruz County, Arizona. The Highlands are northwest of Nogales and are bordered on the east by the Santa Cruz River Valley, that is traversed north-south by I-19. Across the valley eastwards are the tall Santa Rita Mountains in the northeast, and the smaller San Cayetano Mountains, east and adjacent to Nogales&#39;s northeast. The sequence of the north-to-south Tumacacori Highlands is as follows:</p><br>
<p>North-to-South:</p><br>
<p>A Santa Cruz county-border "bootheel" extends southwest; the bootheel contains Cobre Ridge, and it is connected northwest to a small range, the San Luis Mountains which are in the southeast of the Altar Valley, and borders the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<p>Historical mission communities, at Tumacacori National Historical Park, in Tumacacori, Arizona lie at the southeast foothills of the Tumacacori Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Clinton Downtown Historic District is a historic district located in the village of Clinton in Clinton Charter Township in the northernmost portion of Lenawee County, Michigan. It consists of most of the 100 block of USA Route 12, known locally as West Michigan Avenue, plus Memorial Park at 200 West Michigan. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 27, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district traces its origin back to the village&#39;s original platting in 1833 and incorporation in 1837. The earliest buildings still extant in the historic district date from this period, and include a frame structure at 117-121 West Michigan and brick structures at 135 and 141 West Michigan. The district grew due to its location on the Chicago Road and the River Raisin. By 1838, the village had 600 people, along with post office, a bank, up to twelve dry goods stores, three grocery stores, two drug stores, mills, taverns, clothing shops, and other establishments. Many of these businesses were located in what is now the central business district.</p><br>
<p>After the completion of the branch railroad line in 1853, economic growth in Clinton boomed. Frame structures in the downtown were replaced with masonry buildings. Prosperity continued through the end of the 19th century, resulting in a building boom that began in the 1880s, peaked in the mid-1890s, and continued with a few major buildings constructed in the early 1900s. A few more buildings were added to the district in the 1910s, and Memorial Park, which anchors the edge of the district, was created in 1919.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Clinton Downtown Historic District contains twenty-nine commercial buildings, a town hall, and a memorial park, arranged along a block of Michigan Avenue. The buildings represent an intact and cohesive assemblage of structures, spanning a range of architectural styles from Greek Revival through late nineteenth-century commercial blocks, Italianate buildings, and early twentieth century automobile-related buildings. Construction dates range from the mid-nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century, with the oldest buildings dating to the 1830s. Most structures in the district are brick or masonry, and the vast majority of the buildings in the district are two-story, two-part brick commercial blocks.</p><br>
<p>The two most visually striking buildings in the district are the Clinton Inn at 106 West Michigan Avenue and the Town Hall at 172 West Michigan Avenue. The Clinton Inn was constructed in 1900-01, and is the tallest and largest building in the district. It is the only three-story building in the business district, and has a distinctive diagonally positioned square-plan corner tower, facing the intersection, which contains the entrance to the hotel. At the top is a square clock tower with a pyramidal roof, containing clocks on three sides. The Michigan Avenue facade left contains three broad arched openings at street level, with the facade on the upper stories divided into three bays, marked by large brackets of the main cornice. The Jackson street facade is divided into seven bays defined by columns of single square-head windows.</p><br>
<p>The Town Hall was constructed in 1876 as a joint venture between the Village and Township of Clinton and by Clinton&#39;s Masonic lodge, and the building continues to be owned by the township and the Masons. The building is a two-story brick eclectic Late Victorian structure with a hipped roof and arched entryway. The facade is three bays wide, and contains the center entry door flanked by paired double hung sash windows. The second story contains three sets of paired double hung sash windows. The bays are emphasized by projecting brick piers placed at the building corners and between the window pairs, rising from a fieldstone foundation.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sanders is a neighborhood in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, located west of the downtown area and immediately north of the main campus of the University of Tennessee. Developed in the late 19th century as a residential area for Knoxvilles growing upper and middle classes, the neighborhood now provides housing primarily for the universitys student population. The neighborhood still contains a notable number of its original Victorian-era houses and other buildings, several hundred of which were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as the Fort Sanders Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sanders is named for a Civil War-era Union bastion that once stood near the center of the neighborhood, which was the site of a key engagement in 1863. In the 1880s, several of Knoxvilles wealthier residents built sizeable houses in what is now the southern half of Fort Sanders, then known as "Whites Addition," while the northern half, known as "Ramseys Addition," was developed to provide housing for plant managers and workers employed in factories along Second Creek. Fort Sanders was incorporated as the separate city of West Knoxville in 1888, and was annexed by Knoxville in 1897. In its early years, Fort Sanders residents included some of Knoxvilles leading industrialists and politicians, as well as professors from the University of Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sanders was the childhood home of author James Agee, and provided the setting for his Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, A Death in the Family. A ten-fold expansion of U.T.&#39;s student body after World War II brought about the need for student housing, and many of the old homes in Fort Sanders have since been converted into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Fort Sanders and the University of Tennessee campus straddle a hill that is bounded by Second Creek on the east, Third Creek on the west, the Tennessee River on the south, and a declivity now traversed by the Southern Railway tracks and Interstate 40 on the north. The university occupies the southern half of the hill, overlooking the river, while Fort Sanders occupies the northern half. Cumberland Avenue (part of USA Route 70), commonly called "The Strip," is the approximate boundary between the two. Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center occupies the western half of the Fort Sanders neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The Worlds Fair Park, the site of the 1982 Worlds Fair, lies opposite Second Creek to the east. The Mechanicsville neighborhood lies on the other side of I-40 to the north. West of the L&N tracks, Cumberland Avenue becomes Kingston Pike, which continues into West Knoxville.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Battle of Fort Sanders</h3><br>
<p>In November 1863, Confederate forces under General James Longstreet marched north from Chattanooga to Knoxville in hopes of dislodging Union forces under Ambrose Burnside, who had occupied Knoxville a few months prior. After a brief skirmish at Campbells Station (Farragut), Longstreets forces approached Knoxville from the west along Kingston Pike. Delaying maneuvers executed by General William P. Sanders gave Union forces in the city time to complete fortifications, although Sanders was mortally wounded on November 18, and died at the Lamar House the following day. With Union fortifications in place, Longstreet decided to surround the city and starve Union forces out.</p><br>
<p>During the Siege of Knoxville, Confederate pickets stretched roughly along what is now Twenty-First Street between Cumberland and Forest avenues. Union fortifications included Fort Byington atop "The Hill," Battery Noble at what is now the intersection of Melrose and Seventeenth, and Battery Zoellner near the intersection of Highland and Eleventh. Fort Sanders, originally "Fort Loudon" but renamed in honor of the deceased General Sanders, was an earthen fort that spanned Seventeenth between Laurel and Clinch, and continued along Laurel and Clinch eastward to Sixteenth Street.</p><br>
<p>On the morning of November 29, 1863, after a two-week siege, Longstreet ordered three brigades under General Lafayette McLaws to attack Fort Sanders, in hopes of breaching Union lines. The attackers marched from what is now the intersection of Nineteenth and Forest, southeastward across the intersection of Eighteenth and Highland, toward the forts northeast corner at the intersection of Seventeenth and Laurel. They were unable to overcome a deep trench at the base of the fort, however, and retreated with heavy casualties. The battle, which lasted just twenty minutes, effectively ended Longstreets chances of taking the city, and he retreated shortly afterward.</p><br>
<h3>Early development</h3><br>
<p>Knoxvilles industrial growth after the Civil War led to a rapid increase in the citys population. During the 1880s, pollution from an ore smelting operation drove residents in the upscale Summit Hill area to seek new homes elsewhere. Several chose the hillslope west of Second Creek known as Whites Addition (after Hugh Lawson White, who once owned a house in the area), which stretched from the Tennessee River to what is now Laurel Avenue. Among the earliest to build mansions in Whites Addition were candy manufacturer Martin Luther Ross and Tennessee attorney general George Pickle.</p><br>
<p>During the same period, a number of factories sprang up along Second Creek, and the area known as Ramseys Addition, which stretched northward from what is now Laurel Avenue to the railroad tracks, developed primarily as housing for factory managers and workers. Unlike the more exclusive Whites Addition, residents in Ramsey&#39;s Addition ranged from wage workers to upper-level managers, and the neighborhood had a mix of houses ranging from impressive Victorian mansions to small, inconspicuous shotgun-style houses.</p><br>
<p>An 1886 map of Knoxville shows development in the Fort Sanders area stretching as far west as what is now Seventeenth Street. The University of Tennessee consisted of several buildings clustered around "The Hill." Factories located along Second Creek included the Knoxville Tannery, the Caswell Furniture Company, the Knoxville Ice Company, the Barker Bucket Factory, the Knoxville Button Factory, and the massive foundry of the Knoxville Iron Company (part of which still stands). The Samuels Keg Factory and the Knoxville Woolen Mills were located along the railroad tracks at the north end of Ramsey&#39;s Addition.</p><br>
<p>With a need for city services, and bureaucratic issues preventing annexation by Knoxville, the Fort Sanders area incorporated as the separate city of West Knoxville on March 8, 1888. The city&#39;s boundaries were Second Creek on the east, Asylum (now Western) Avenue and the railroad tracks on the north, Third Creek on the west, and the river on the south. West Knoxville had an initial population of 1,520, and J.W. Yoe served as the first mayor. West Knoxville was annexed by Knoxville in 1897. Today, "West Knoxville" generally refers to the section of Knoxville along Kingston Pike, west of Third Creek and Alcoa Highway.</p><br>
<h3>Later development</h3><br>
<p>During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Fort Sanders was home to some of Knoxville&#39;s key industrial figures. Department store owner Max Arnstein, who built the seven-story Arnstein Building at the south end of Market Square, owned houses at 1403 and 1625 Laurel. Wholesaling tycoon Matthew McClung, a partner in Cowan, McClung and Company, built the house at 1625 Clinch. Marble quarry magnate John J. Craig lived at 1415 Highland, and Coca-Cola bottler J. Patrick Roddy lived at 1803 Clinch. Knoxville Journal founder and editor William Rule lived at 1604 Clinch. Ranson Whittle, the founder of the Whittle Trunk and Bag Company, lived at 1802 Highland.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sanders was also home to a number early University of Tennessee professors and administrators. Weston Fulton, inventor of the sylphon (used in the manufacture of thermostats), lived at 1202 Clinch in the early 1900s. William Waller Carson, founder of the schools civil engineering department, lived at 1310 Clinch, and later built what is now the Ronald McDonald House at 1705 Clinch. Thomas Jordan, the schools dean in the early 1900s, lived at 1312 White, and mathematics professor Cooper D. Schmitt lived at 1302 White. Artist Catherine Wiley lived at 1317 White in the 1910s while working as an instructor at UT.</p><br>
<p>With the advent of the automobile in the 1920s, Knoxvilles wealthier residents began to move to suburbs on the periphery of the city, and urban neighborhoods such as Fort Sanders began to decline. After World War II, the University of Tennessees student body grew from just over 2,000 to almost 30,000 by 1975, and most of the homes in Fort Sanders were converted into student housing. The universitys expansion (and more recently the expansion of Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center) led to the destruction of many of the neighborhoods early houses, and preservationists, namely the Fort Sanders Community Improvement Association, increased efforts to protect its historical resources.</p><br>
<h3>A Death in the Family</h3><br>
<p>Author James Agee (1909&ndash;1955) spent his early childhood in the Fort Sanders neighborhood. The Agees initially lived at 1505 Highland Avenue (the house is no longer standing), but moved to Laurel Avenue after the death of Agees father in 1915. Agees maternal grandparents, Joel and Emma Tyler, lived on Clinch Avenue. Joel Tyler was a cofounder of the mill machinery company Ty-Sa-Man, where Agee&#39;s father worked.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Sanders neighborhood provides the primary setting for Agee&#39;s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, A Death in the Family. The novel opens with Agee and his father taking a walk through downtown Knoxville, making stops on Gay Street and Market Square, and passing the Deaf and Dumb Asylum and the L&N Station as they made their way back to Fort Sanders. Agee mentioned a vacant lot along Forest Avenue where he and his father liked to look out on the lights of North Knoxville in the distance, and listen to the engines of the L&N, which "coughed and browsed" in the valley below. The book ends with Agee and his uncle conversing while standing over the "waste of briers and of embanked clay" of the ruins of the Civil War-era Fort Sanders.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, Fifteenth Street was renamed "James Agee Street." In 2005, James Agee Park was established in a vacant lot (formerly the home of Mayor Samuel B. Luttrell) at the intersection of James Agee Street and Laurel Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>Fort Sanders today</h2><br>
<p>Fort Sanders, or "The Fort" as it is known by residents, remains a popular place for students. Most residents are in their twenties and many go home during the summer, leaving the neighborhood virtually empty compared to its very active, and sometimes belligerent, feel during the school year. Due to the area&#39;s younger population and proximity to a large university, the neighborhood is a hotbed for house parties and bars alike. The neighborhood is somewhat infamous in Knoxville for its party atmosphere, and residents have been known to throw multi-street block parties that can attract thousands. Cumberland Avenue, or "The Strip", is a popular hangout for students, as it contains numerous bars, restaurants, and stores.</p><br>
<p>During the Fall football season, Fort Sanders, along with the campus itself, serves as a headquarters for Tennessee Volunteers fans&#39; tailgating and pre-game activities.</p><br>
<p>The Knoxville Police Department and The University of Tennessee&#39;s Police Department jointly patrol Fort Sanders. The University operates a fully armed and operational police that helps protect students both on campus and in Fort Sanders.</p><br>
<h2>Fort Sanders Historic District</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Sanders Historic District, listed on the National Register in 1980, originally consisted of approximately 400 buildings, and covered a 105 acre area bounded by White, Grand, Eleventh, and Nineteenth. Most of the district&#39;s contributing houses were built between 1880 and 1930, and the majority were designed in Victorian (especially Queen Anne) or Bungalow/Craftsman styles. The district also includes three churches and several commercial buildings.</p><br>
<h3>Notable structures</h3><br>
<p>Christ Chapel (1538 Highland Avenue), originally the Ramsey Methodist Church, and later the Epworth Methodist Church, now home to a non-denominational congregation. The church was originally constructed in 1895, and renovated in 1929 after it was partially destroyed by fire. Christ Chapel purchased and rehabilitated the church in the early 1980s, and built the modern rear addition in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Laurel Theater (1538 Laurel Avenue), originally the Fort Sanders Presbyterian Church; a two-story brick church built in 1898.</p><br>
<p>310 Thirteenth Street (Firedog Pizza/Deli), a late nineteenth century Victorian commercial building.</p><br>
<p>307 18th Street (18th Street IGA), a commercial vernacular store built circa 1923; initially known as the W.T. Roberts Grocery Store.</p><br>
<p>1202 Clinch Avenue, a two-story house built in 1876, making it one of the oldest houses in Fort Sanders; once used as a residence by inventor Weston Miller Fulton.</p><br>
<p>Laurel Terrace (1415 Laurel Avenue), a -story Queen Anne-style brick house built in 1894 by candy manufacturer Martin Luther Ross.</p><br>
<p>1604 Clinch Avenue, a two-story Georgian Revival house, built in 1914, and used as a residence by publisher and mayor, Captain William Rule; now used by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.</p><br>
<p>Pickle Mansion (1633 Clinch), a Queen Anne-style house built in 1889, with a large wrap-around porch. The house suffered significant damage from a fire in 2002.</p><br>
<p>1705 Clinch Avenue, a -story brick apartment building constructed by University of Tennessee civil engineering professor William Waller Carson in 1903; the Ronald McDonald House purchased the building in 1985.</p><br>
<p>1803 Clinch Avenue, a two-and-a-half-story Georgian Revival-style house built in 1912; this house served as a residence for J. Patrick Roddy, founder of the Roddy Coca-Cola Bottling Company.</p><br>
<p>1308 White Avenue, a Queen Anne-style house built in 1894 for marble company executive James E. Ross. It was subsequently the home of Knoxville judge Charles Hayes Brown. The University of Tennessee has announced plans to purchase and demolish this house, along two adjacent houses, to make way for a new science facility.</p><br>
<p>Kornat  is an island in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, in central Dalmatia. With an area of 32.44 km² it is the 16th largest island in Croatia and the largest island in the eponymous Kornati islands archipelago. It is part of the Kornati National Park, which is composed of a total of 89 islands, islets and rocks.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century the island was alternatively known as Insel Incoronata (in German) and Krunarski Otok (in Croatian).</p><br>
<p>According to the 2001 census, the island had a total population of 7, although there are no permanent settlements on the island. Kornati&#39;s coastline is 68.79 km long.</p><br>
<p>In recent history, the island became infamous as the site of what was dubbed the "Kornat Tragedy" (Kornatska tragedija), when a group of firefighters who were flown in as part of the 2007 coastal fires firefighting efforts perished. Twelve out of thirteen men who found themselves surrounded by fire were killed in the event which was the biggest loss of lives in the history of Croatian firefighting.</p><br>
<p>Žut is an uninhabited island in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, in central Dalmatia. With an area of 14.83 km²</p><br>
<p>it is the 28th largest island in Croatia and the second largest island in the Kornati archipelago, after Kornat. Although most of the archipelago, composed of 89 islands, islets and rocks, is included in the Kornati National Park, the island of Žut is not.</p><br>
<p>Žut is located between the islands of Pašman and Kornat and its coastline is unusually long at 45.9 km, thanks to the large number of coves and bays. The island&#39;s highest point is the Gubavac peak at 174 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Due to centuries of slash-and-burn practices, Žut is almost barren of maquis shrubland, otherwise common in most Adriatic islands. There is no farmland on the island, and it never had any permanent settlements. Today, there is a 135-berth marina on the island, with a restaurant and a grocery store, operated by ACI Club and open from April to October.</p><br>
<p>In historical sources, the island has been referred to as Xut, Iunctus, Zuth and Zunchio. Although the islands name might suggest it (Žut is "yellow" in Croatian), it is not Slavic in origin, being derived from Latin junctus ("adjacent", "close"), which refers either to the islands closeness to Kornat, or its former status as a part of private property on Kornat.</p><br>
<p>According to measurements done in the early 2000s, Žut is also the largest uninhabited island in Croatia, being almost 2 km² larger than Prvić near Krk, which had previously been thought to hold this distinction.</p><br>
<p>The Brassiere Hills are a pair of summits in the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, United States. It is located at the northern end of Taku Inlet, 4.5 mi north of Taku Point and 18 mi northeast of the city of Juneau. The peaks are 2,405 ft and 2,360 ft high and a stream named Zipper Creek runs between them.</p><br>
<p>Ice thickness studies of Taku Glacier were conducted near the hills in 1989, 1990, and 1993.</p><br>
<p>Nancy Bartley of The Seattle Times attributes the naming to photographer Austin Post.</p><br>
<p>The name was noted by the United States Geological Survey on 1948 and 1962 topographical maps of the Juneau area, but it was removed prior to the latter edition&#39;s publication. It later appeared on a 1997 USGS map. It was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on March 31, 1981.</p><br>
<p>Sveti Klement  is an island in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea. Its area is 5.28 km²</p><br>
<p>and it is the largest of the Paklinski islands, a group of small islands located in central Dalmatia just south of Hvar. Its coastline is 29.89 km long.</p><br>
<p>The coastal part of the island is barren and rocky while parts of the interior are covered in maquis shrubs. There are three non-permanent settlements on the island called Palmižana, Momića Polje and Vlaka. There is also a marina operated by ACI Club in Palmižana, open from March to October.</p><br>
<p>Sveti Klement is a very popular tourist area. Besides having a marina Sveti Klement has couple of restaurants and a unique lounge bar. It is also a popular place for destination weddings as many couples from all around the world decide to marry there.</p><br>
<p>Lake Prokljan  is a lake in the Croatian region of Dalmatia, located near the cities of Skradin and Šibenik.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake is situated in the lower reaches of the river Krka, and it covers an area of 11.1 km&sup2;. It is not entirely closed, but is connected to the sea by a narrow channel which leads to Šibenik harbor. Its elevation above sea level is 0.5 m while its maximum depth is 25 m.</p><br>
<p>Despite its connection to the sea, it does not have high salinity: in the lower layers its water is salty, and near the surface it is freshwater. The northern part of the lake is quite shallow, with an average depth of about 4 meters, while the southern part is deeper, with some 20 to 25 meters.</p><br>
<p>The lake’s major tributary is the Krka River, which has its source near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, flows through Knin and enters Prokljansko jezero near the city of Skradin.</p><br>
<h2>Miscellaneous</h2><br>
<p>In the northern part of the lake, there is a small islet called Stipanac, a site with ruins dating from antiquity to medieval times.</p><br>
<h2>Commerce</h2><br>
<p>The lake is one of the local tourist attractions, especially owing to its rich offer of local specialties, such as eel and fish (čokalica and golac) in the nearby villages of Raslina, Prokljan, Zaton and Bilice. Another very popular tourist destination is Krka National Park, situated some fifteen kilometers from Skradin, which attracts about 700,000 visitors every year.</p><br>
<p>Donibristle  was a house and estate in Fife, Scotland, on the coast of the Firth of Forth. Only the wings of the house remain, within the modern settlement of Dalgety Bay. They are now protected as a category A listed building. Donibristle was the scene of the killing of James Stewart, 2nd Earl of Moray, in 1592, which is remembered in the ballad "The Bonnie Earl O&#39; Moray".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Around 1540, James Stewart of Doune was made Commendator of Inchcolm Abbey, which is located on an island in the Firth of Forth. Donibristle was then a property of the abbey, and James used it as a residence. In 1580, his son was raised to the peerage as Lord Doune. Lord Doune&#39;s son James Stewart married, in 1581, Elizabeth Stuart, 2nd Countess of Moray, and assumed, jure uxoris (in right of his wife), the title of the Earl of Moray. Moray quarrelled with George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, and on 7 February 1592 Huntly attacked and burned Donibristle. Moray attempted to flee but was caught and killed.</p><br>
<p>A new house was constructed around 1700, and around 1720 L-plan wings of three storeys were added, to the designs of Alexander McGill. James Gillespie Graham prepared plans for Jacobean-style remodelling in the earlier 19th century. The main block of the house burned down in 1858. The surviving wings are linked by a subterranean passage and a decorative wrought-iron screen, said to be the finest early 18th century wrought-iron screen still in existence in Scotland.</p><br>
<p>During World War I the estate was used by the Royal Naval Air Service as an airfield, which was expanded during World War II as RNAS Donibristle (HMS Merlin). From 1962 the airfield and the rest of the estate was developed as Dalgety Bay, a privately funded new town. Begun by Copthall Holdings, the site was taken over by the Scottish Homes Investment Company and construction continued into the 1970s. In the late 20th century the wings of Donibristle House and the nearby stable block were restored as housing, and a new apartment building was erected in place of the main block of the house.</p><br>
<p>Prvić  is an uninhabited island in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, located in the Kvarner Gulf. It is the largest of the so-called Senj Islands, a group of small islands and islets located off the coast of the mainland city of Senj, lying between the larger islands of Krk and Rab. Other significant islands in the Senj group are Sveti Grgur and Goli otok, along with a number of islets and rocks, which are all uninhabited. Prvić has an area is 12.76 km&sup2, which makes it the 30th largest Croatian island, and its coastline is 23.12 km long.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Prvić is located southeast of Krk, separated from it by an 800 m wide Senj Passage (Senjska vrata) and it is geomorphologically considered part of the same landform as the Obzova hill, Krks highest peak (578 meters above sea level), which forms the southwestern part of the Baška cove with the coastal town of Baška. Prvićs southernmost cape Šilo is 4 km away from the mainland as the crow flies and it is the point closest to mainland. Harbours nearest to Prvić are Sveti Juraj, a hamlet near Senj at the foot of the Velebit, and Baška on the island of Krk. The island itself is shaped like a steep cliff stretching northwest-southeast and is 7.4 km long. Its westernmost point is called Debeli Art and its northernmost point is cape Brezonjin, where the automatic Stražica Lighthouse is located.</p><br>
<p>Three km (3 km) southwest of Prvić is the island of Sveti Grgur (or Saint Gregory, also known as Šagargur, its name in the Chakavian dialect), separated from Prvić by the Grgurov kanal (Eng: Gregorys Channel). In addition, three kilometres to the south of Prvićs southernmost point, cape Šilo, is Goli otok (lit. Barren Island). Like Prvić, both Sveti Grgur and Goli otok are today uninhabited, but they have become infamous as places where political prisoners were often sent in the Informbiro period between 1949 and 1956. They were used as prisons up until the late 1980s when they were shut down and abandoned.</p><br>
<p>Prvićs highest peak is Šipovac (357 meters above sea level). Although most of the island is inaccessible as its coastal areas are made up of steep barren cliffs 250–300 m high, the western slope where the lighthouse is located has several gullies through which the islands plateau can be reached. The western side also has several coves which are suitable for swimmers, and near the beach called Njivice on the southwestern part of the island the remains of a medieval settlement owned by the House of Frankopan were found. The sea around the island is on average 70–90 meters deep, with the deepest point being at cape Šilo, where a depth of 107 meters has been recorded.</p><br>
<h2>Climate and natural history</h2><br>
<p>The island is also notable for the bora wind (locally known as bura) which blows in gusts on average 203 days per year, and even reaches force of 11-12 on the Beaufort scale (indicating a violent storm or hurricane-force winds) 73 days per year, according to weather records which used to be kept by the lighthouse crew. Because of this, Prvić is considered the windiest Croatian island. Although the island is uninhabited, it is frequently used by shepherds for pasture and by local beekeepers who keep apiaries on the island. Prvić and parts of the nearby island of Krk are areas with the highest concentration of Common sage (kadulja) shrubs in the entire Croatian Adriatic, and honey produced by bees feeding on the plant&#39;s nectar is prized for its quality.</p><br>
<p>Griffon vultures, a protected bird species, are known to breed at Prvić, and their colony on the island is second in size only to their main breeding ground on the island of Cres, to the south of Prvić. In addition, there are 17 species of endemic plants which grow on the island. Because of this the island of Prvić is legally protected as a botanical and bird reserve.</p><br>
<p>John Holmes House, also known as the Cresse-Holmes House, is located in the Cape May Court House section of Middle Township, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The house was originally thought to be built in 1755 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 12, 1979. Later research has shown the date of the oldest part of the house to be 1704, built by John Cresse. The "newer" portion of the house was built by Robert Morris Holmes, son of John Holmes, in 1830.</p><br>
<h2>Museum of Cape May County</h2><br>
<p>The house is now operated as the Museum of Cape May County, and features an 18th-century period kitchen, bedroom and 1830 dining room and a Victorian sitting room. Other exhibits include a doctor&#39;s room, a military room, Native American room and maritime artifacts.</p><br>
<p>Beinisvørð  is a 470 m high sea cliff in Suðuroy, Faroe Islands, the highest sea cliff in Suðuroy. It is located between the villages of Lopra and Sumba. Beinisvørð has vertical cliffs facing the sea and a green slope down towards the village of Sumba. The triangular top of Beinisvørð is visible from many places in Suðuroy, including Lopra, Nes and Marknoyri, the easternmost part of Vágur. In clear weather it is also visible from Smyril M/F just before she enters the fjord of Trongisvágur, Trongisvágsfjørður. Men from Sumba used to rappel down the steep mountain side of Beinisvørð on bird lines  in order to catch sea birds and to collect eggs. Both birds and their eggs were important food for the people of Sumba in the past. Several men have been killed while doing this; sometimes a stone fell on a man&#39;s head, fatally injuring him. In 1975 a big avalanche at Beinisvørð destroyed numerous bird habitats and landmarks.</p><br>
<h2>Beinisvørð in Faroese poetry</h2><br>
<p>At least two famous Faroese poets have mentioned Beinisvørð in poems. Poul F. Joensen (born 1898 in Sumba, died 1970 in Froðba) often mentioned Beinisvørð as the guardian spirit of the country. A Faroese singer and composer from Klaksvík, Hanus G. Johansen, set several of these poems to music and after that they became very popular and well known amongst Faroese of all ages. Janus Djurhuus (born 1881 in Tórshavn, died 1948) uses it as a symbol of Faroese independence in "Heimferð Nólsoyar Páls".</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Tourists who visit Suðuroy often wish to see Beinisvørð. It can be seen from several locations, the nearest being Hesturin, near the one-lane road between Lopra and Sumba. There is also a road tunnel from Lopra to Sumba. For buses it is best to go to Sumba first and from there up to Hesturin (near the antenna), and on the way back turn the bus on Hesturin and go back to Sumba. The road from Hesturin to Lopra has many curves and can be difficult for buses to drive on. Another option is from Lopranseiði, which is west of Lopra; turn right just before entering the village; a road goes almost all the way to the coast. It is not far from the main road, less than 1 km. Beinisvørð can also be seen at a greater distance from Eggjarnar, just south of Vágur. A one-lane road goes to some 25 m from the cliff&#39;s edge at Eggjarnar.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel May House is a Federal style residence located at 690 North Lake Drive in Prestonsburg, Kentucky. It built in 1817 by Samuel May, a Kentucky state representative  and a Kentucky state senator  from Floyd County. It now serves as the Samuel May House Living History Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1808, Samuel May emigrated to Floyd County from Virginia and married Cathrine Evans. From 1817 to 1821, May acquired 350 acre of land along the banks of the Levisa Fork, where he developed a farm and set up a mill.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the home was very laborious due to the homes remote location in Eastern Kentucky. In 1816, May&#39;s slaves began working the kilns that produced the bricks for the residence. Lime for the cement was created by crushing the shells of freshwater clams gathered from the Levisa Fork. The lumber used in the construction was whip-sawed from logs and was hauled to the site, where it was cured and shaped. Even the nails had to be shipped in from a factory in Abingdon, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The house illustrates May&#39;s expertise as an architect and builder. The bricks on the front part of the house were laid out in a Flemish bond: a decorative and structurally strong pattern of brick laying. Also, all walls in the house, including the interior partitions, are four bricks deep. This unusual building technique not only created deep window sills and door frames, but helped preserve the structure over the generations.</p><br>
<p>Although the home is two stories, the home has only six rooms. The largest of the rooms is Samuel May&#39;s Parlor, which measures eighteen by twenty feet. The large rooms were a necessity because the home also served as a community hall and as a shelter from the frequent Indian attacks. The interior is furnished in poplar woodwork, which is now painted white. The floors are made out of both poplar and white ash.</p><br>
<p>In 1842, Samuel May sold the home to his brother, Thomas May, because of his inability to pay off his mortgage. Several years later, Samuel May moved to California gold fields in hopes of regaining his former wealth. He was unsuccessful and died in Placerville, California in 1851.</p><br>
<h2>Renovations</h2><br>
<p>The dream of renovating the historic home and developing it into a living history museum began in March 1993 with the creation of the Friends of the Samuel May House, Inc. Due to a lack of funds very few tasks could be completed. But in the spring of 1997, the city of Prestonsburg purchased the home and received a $400,000 grant from the Kentucky Heritage Council and the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. This grant allowed the city to fully restore the historic home to its original condition.</p><br>
<p>Valparaiso has retained an active downtown. It remains a mix of government, retail and business center, with a mixed residential and service area . Numerous economic changes have not changed the basic character, historic courthouse area. The historic district retains the distinctive turn-of-the-19th-century architecture, supporting numerous small specialty shops, shaded sidewalks, and a people friendly environment. The Downtown District, is anchored on the Porter County Courthouse. It includes 14-blocks surrounding the square, bounded on the north by Jefferson Street, on the east by Morgan Street, on the south by Monroe Street, and on the west by Napoleon Street.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Portersville Land Company platted the town of Portersville in 1836. The next year, the town was renamed in honor of Commodore David Porter’s last battle outside the Chielean port of Valparaiso. The County had been named in honor of Commodore Porter. The first building were constructed near the Morgan Street bridge (corner of Morgan Street and Lincolnway). The town did not begin to grow until 1850, when the first railroad was completed through town.</p><br>
<p>The first courthouse was completed in 1837. This frame structure was replaced in 1852, and again in 1885 with a limestone structure. The current courthouse is the 1885 structure, restored after the 1934 fire, which destroyed the disticnctive clock tower.</p><br>
<p>The county jail was located on Mechanic Street (Indiana Street today). The log building was replaced in 1871 with a modern limestone building. It was attached to the Sheriff’s residence, which had been built 11 years earlier.</p><br>
<p>Public programs were held in the Grand Opera House when it opened in 1874. Originally known as the Fiske Opera House, it was the first public space in Valparaiso. The first floor was retail space and the second floor could hold up to 700 people. In 1893 the Memorial Hall was built to honor Civil War Veterans and could hold an audience of 1,000.</p><br>
<h2>Significant structures</h2><br>
<p>All structures are historically contributing towards the Historic District Status, unless otherwise noted. An ‘O’ rating signifies that the structure had enough historic or architectural significance to be considered for individual listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The ‘N’ rating signifies that the structure is above average and may, with further investigation be eligible for an individual listing. The ‘C’ or contributing rating signifies that the structure meet the basic inventory qualifications, but fails to meet individual merit, but in combination with other closely placed similar structures warrants inclusion in an historic district.</p><br>
<h3>West Lincolnway</h3><br>
<p>170: Valparaiso Post Office; Neoclassical, 1917 (James A. Wetmore, architect) (O)</p><br>
<p>This Neoclassical structure was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore, and opened in 1919 as the USA Post Office. The design creates a monumental effect with the building back from the sidewalk, a flight of stairs to the entrance, which is in the middle of the facade between two-story, freestanding, Tuscan pillars. The City purchased the building in 1987 to renovate for use as the City Hall.*162: Grand Opera House; Italianate, 1871-1874 (C)</p><br>
<p>162: Grand Opera House (Odd Fellows Building); Italianate, 1871-1874 (C)</p><br>
<p>The earliest venue for the performing arts in Valparaiso as the Fisk Opera House. The auditorium on the upper floor could hold 700 people. Until the Memorial Opera House was built in 1893, this was the only center for theater. Designed for one or two businesses at street level, the elongated windows of the second floor reveal the presence of a high ceiled the vaudeville theater on the upper floor.</p><br>
<p>150: Elks Temple; Colonial Revival, 1924 (Whetherhogg, Architect) (O)</p><br>
<p>The Fisk Block stood on this site as the home of the Elks until it burned in 1924. The Elks rebuilt their home as a Colonial Revival building designed by Mr. Whetherfogg. Major renovation in 1988 created the 150 Lincolnway facilities. The Elks have since sold their interests in the building.</p><br>
<p>70: Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1880 (N)</p><br>
<p>68: Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1880 (N)</p><br>
<p>66-64: Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1880 (N)</p><br>
<p>62: Horn’s Block; 20th Century Functional, 1921 (C)</p><br>
<p>60: Horn’s Block; 20th Century Functional, 1921 (C)</p><br>
<p>58: Post Tribune Building; 19th Century Functional, c.1870 (C)</p><br>
<h3>East Lincolnway</h3><br>
<p>101: Farmer’s State Bank; Neoclassical, 1927 (Frederic Beck, architect) (N)</p><br>
<p>In 1926, Farmer’s State Bank purchased 44 ft of Specht, Finney, Skinner building on the corner of Franklin St. and Main St., i.e. Lincolnway. Frederick Beck designed the Renaissance palace facade of Indiana Limestone and sandstone. The main entrance on the south has a two story glazed arch entry way with Ionic pilasters on each side. Additional features on the Franklin St. side exhibit Art Deco Styling. In the 1980s, the new owner, Northern Indiana Bank, added the neighboring property, the remains of the Specht, Finney, Skinner Store on the east for additional banking services. Banking consolidation of the 1990s and early 21st Century has seen the building changing ownership. It remains a downtown bank.</p><br>
<h3>Courthouse Square</h3><br>
<p>Porter County Courthouse; Second Empire/Neoclassical, 1885/1934 (John C. Cochrane, 1885, architect; John D. Wilson, 1934, architect) (N)</p><br>
<h3>West Indiana</h3><br>
<p>14: First State Bank of Valparaiso; Neoclassical, 1903 (Jenny and Mundie, architect) (N)</p><br>
<p>The Neoclassical architecture was a common style for banks, meant to imply wisdom and a sense of security. The firm of Jenny and Mundie designed the structure using Indiana Limestone When constructed, this restrained monumental temple front gave a new face to an older structure. Tuscan pillars on waist-high pedestals echo the Courthouse porch across the street, and create a three part facade. Later the bank was operated as the First National Bank and has undergone numerous changes in ownership during the bank consolidations of the 1990s and early 21st Century.</p><br>
<p>102: Sheriff’s Residence, Italianate, 1860 (O)</p><br>
<p>Porter County Jail, 1871, (R. Rose, architect; Shade and Lembke, builders ) (O) NR</p><br>
<p>104: Memorial Hall, Romanesque Revival, 1893 Charles Lembke, architect) (O) NR</p><br>
<p>City Hall P5130017.JPGValparaiso Post Office; Neoclassical, 1917 (Valparaiso City Hall in 2015)</p><br>
<p>Elks P5130013.JPGElks Temple: Colonial Revival, 1924 (Centier Bank in 2015)</p><br>
<p>01 Horn Blocks (Pikk&#39;s) P4290023.jpgHorn’s Block; 20th Century Funcational, 1921</p><br>
<p>01 Napoleon Center.jpgPost Tribune Building; 19th Century Functional, c.1870 (Napoleon Center in 2015)</p><br>
<p>01 Farmers Bank (1926) Franklin & Lincolnway P4100016.jpgFarmer’s State Bank; Neoclassical, 1927</p><br>
<p>Porter County, Indiana County Courthouse, north facade P5130032.JPGPorter County Courthouse; Second Empire/Neoclassical, 1885/1934</p><br>
<p>Old Sheriffs Hse w JailP4100028.jpgPorter County Jail and Sheriff&#39;s House & Jail, Italianate, 1860 (Porter County Museum) Oldest of three structures. Home of the Porter Museum (County History)</p><br>
<p>Memorial Opera HseP4100023.jpgMemorial Hall, Romanesque Revival, 1893</p><br>
<p>Maesmawr Hall is a historic timber-framed house, situated to the southeast of Caersws, in the historic county of Montgomeryshire, which now forms part of Powys in Wales. It is currently run as a hotel.</p><br>
<p>A long avenue approaches the front of the property from the south.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around Maesmawr was occupied during Roman times. Due to its location near the banks of the River Severn, the Romans built a road through the area. A Welsh Long House was once located in the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The hall has the date 1535 painted at the top of the gable over the porch, but this date is likely to be a fairly recent overpainting of the date which was previously 1717. While the date of construction of Maes Mawr is uncertain, on stylistic grounds it is likely to be either late 17th century or early 18th century. In the early 19th century it became a notable sporting estate for shooting game. In the 1870s it was known to have been owned by John Pryce Davies and was owned for many years by his family, and by the Davies sisters in the 1900s. In August 2008 the hall was purchased by John Garner and Nigel Humphryson.</p><br>
<h2>Hotel</h2><br>
<p>Today the hall is used as a hotel with 20 bedrooms and is often hired for wedding receptions, proms and social evenings. The original rooms from the 1535 building have the original beams and uneven floors. In the Victorian period a wing was added to the hall; those rooms are larger and brighter.</p><br>
<h2>Haunting</h2><br>
<p>It has been reported that the hall is haunted and was subject to an investigation by Most Haunted. One report was of a businessman staying at the manor who was previously a sceptic of ghosts and when staying there one night reported that when he looked out of the window he could see a road disappearing under the building with a Roman legion marching along.</p><br>
<p>Mid Wales Paranormal (MWP) investigated at the hall and reported that, “There were light orbs and anomalies at the hall, and while investigating in a room upstairs, there was movement and the floor actually moved.” Sightings of an Elizabethan housekeeper have been seen going through the wall in the panelled hallway and the ghost of a wicked man named Robin Drwg is said to haunt the woods on the grounds who assumes the form of a bull.</p><br>
<p>A man and his dog and a servant are said to appear in the cellar and the Davies sisters who ran the hall in the 1900s have also been reported as being seen. Also reported is a ghost of a woman who appears to be climbing stairs although the staircase has been long demolished.</p><br>
<p>Nigel Humphryson, the owner since 2008, has not reported having seen anything. However, he has confessed to hearing voices and banging which he could not account for.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel Basset House is a historic house a 1024 Monroe Turnpike in Monroe, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with two brick chimneys and a side gable roof. Its centered entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, and is topped by a transom window. The second floor extends slightly over the first floor on the front  facade. Built in 1775, the house is significant for its association with events in the American Revolutionary War. It is along the march route taken by French commander Rochambeaus troops in 1781 en route to Yorktown, Virginia and possibly during their return. A ball was held in the houses second-floor ballroom for the French officers of Lauzuns mounted section of Rochambeaus army on June 30, 1781, which camped nearby.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Thamusida is a Roman-Berber river port and city in the northern province of Mauretania Tingitana, located near Kénitra and Mehdia, Morocco.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>The site was excavated from 1913 by the French, then 1959 to 1962 and since 1998. Many items found in Thamusida are today on display at the Rabat Archaeological Museum. It occupies an area of fifteen acres. Excavations have unearthed the walls of the docks and baths. Under the Antonines, a temple was built to worship Venus.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city originally was a Berber settlement, that was occupied by Romans in the first years of Augustus rule. There were a military camp and a nearby little city, until Claudius enlarged Thamusida. According to historian Stefano Camporeale, the auxiliary unit that built the Roman camp in Thamusida was probably the Cohors secunda Syrorum civium Romanorum in the second half of the first century (ceramic evidence confirms this chronology): this camp (with annexed "vicus") was one of the largest camps of the whole province of Mauretania Tingitana and measured about 2 hectares. Later the settlement grew progressively, and by the end of the second century or the early third century, it was surrounded by a wall that included a total area of about 15 hectares.</p><br>
<p>In the third century Thamusida become a mostly Christian city, with a population of nearly 7,000 inhabitants. The site was abandoned around 285 AD, when Diocletian moved the Roman limes of Mauretania Tingitana to the north, near Lixus. There were some inhabitants -according to recent archeological discoveries- in Thamusida for another century after the Roman abandonment. But with the Vandal invasion the city disappeared around 425 AD.</p><br>
<p>The Urbana College Historic Buildings are a historic district on the campus of Urbana University in Urbana, Ohio, United States. Composed of three nineteenth-century buildings, the district includes the oldest structures on the university&#39;s campus.</p><br>
<h2>University history</h2><br>
<p>In 1849, members of the Church of the New Jerusalem in Urbana proposed the establishment of an institution of higher education in their city. Local individuals soon donated land and money for the construction of buildings, and the Ohio General Assembly issued a charter on March 7, 1850. The cornerstone for the college&#39;s first building was laid in June 1851; it was finished in 1853, and the first classes were soon assembled.</p><br>
<h2>Historic buildings</h2><br>
<h3>Bailey Hall</h3><br>
<p>Upon its completion in 1853, the college&#39;s original building was named "Bailey Hall" in honor of Francis Bailey, the first American publicly to espouse the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Built of brick, Bailey is an Italianate structure that rests on a stone foundation and is topped with a hip roof. Among its most prominent architectural features are a tower, massive arched double doors, and many casement windows. At the time of construction, Bailey Hall included a central hall, classrooms, and a library; it was expanded in 1875 with the addition of a chemistry laboratory and offices for the university president. Its appearance changed in 1915 with the addition of a new roof and the placement of stucco over the original bricks.</p><br>
<h3>Oak Hall</h3><br>
<p>Soon after the completion of Bailey Hall, a dormitory became necessary, and "College Hall" was built to house the students. The expenses of constructing this building — later called "Oak Hall" — were largely paid by J. Young Scammon, a member of the university&#39;s board of trustees and a wealthy Chicago businessman. Finished in 1856, Oak Hall was expanded with the addition of a third story in 1874, and it was refurbished with a new floor and roof in 1915. In order to restore the building to its original condition, major repairs were conducted in the spring of 1974, along with the removal of historically insensitive additions and the construction of a new entrance in the style of the original structure.</p><br>
<p>Based on a stone foundation, Oak Hall is a square brick structure built in the Greek Revival style of architecture. Four bays on each side, Oak is distinguished by architectural features such as corbelling on each bay, prominent capitals on the pilasters, and a large dormer window in the hip roof. The building has been modified by the addition of a small two-story wing with a massive chimney around the beginning of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<h3>Barclay Hall</h3><br>
<p>In 1883, continued expansion necessitated the erection of a second classroom building. Named "Barclay Hall," this structure included space for a lecture hall, a museum, and scientific classrooms. Because Barclay was placed just 30 ft away from Bailey, the two buildings were soon connected by an arcade of brick that soon became a campus landmark. Although the building was heavily damaged by a 1920, it was soon restored to its pre-fire state. Like the other two structures, Barclay is a squarish building with three bays per side, and it is covered with a hip roof. Among its most distinctive features are its many multi-part windows; although narrow, they are larger than those of Bailey, and they are typically arranged in groups of two or three.</p><br>
<h2>Historic recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, the Urbana College Historic Buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Their designation as a historic district was due primarily to their place in local history: Urbana University was one of a large number of religious colleges founded in Ohio during the middle of the nineteenth century. Unlike the large majority of these schools, Urbana has continued in existence to the present. As the oldest buildings on the campus, Bailey, Oak, and Barclay Halls are important as typical buildings of the many nineteenth-century religious colleges. Another building on campus, Browne Hall, is of similar age; however, it was not included in the historic district because of its location, as it sits on the northeastern edge of the campus.</p><br>
<p>Shippen Manor is located in Oxford Township, Warren County, New Jersey, United States. The manor was built in 1755 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Shippen Manor was built in 1755 on an estate of four thousand acres for Dr. William Shippen II and his brother Joseph Shippen II. The brothers owned the nearby Oxford Furnace and would manage the furnace from this home. The manor was featured on an episode of Ghost Hunters that aired September 8, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The manor is built in Georgian style with local stone. The walls are two feet thick and there are three chimneys. The ground floors is divided into six rooms. The upper floor consists of two bed chambers and four garret rooms.</p><br>
<p>The Saint-Gotthard Massif  is a mountain range in the Alps in Switzerland, located at the border of four cantons: Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graubünden. It is delimited by the Nufenen Pass on the west, by the Furka Pass and the Oberalp Pass on the north and by the Lukmanier Pass on the east. The homonymous Gotthard Pass, lying at the heart of the massif, is the main route from north to south .</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>The highest peaks of the massif are Pizzo Rotondo (3,192 m) in the southwest, Pizzo Centrale (2,999 m) near the centre and Piz Gannaretsch (3,040 m) in the northeast. There is no peak named Saint-Gotthard.</p><br>
<h2>Tunnels</h2><br>
<p>There are three long tunnels traversing the Saint-Gotthard Massif:</p><br>
<p>Gotthard (Rail) Tunnel, railway culmination tunnel (1882, 15 km)</p><br>
<p>Gotthard Road Tunnel, motorway tunnel (1980, 17 km)</p><br>
<p>Gotthard Base Tunnel, railway lowest-level tunnel (2016, 57 km)</p><br>
<p>Ponce City Market is a mixed-use development located in a historic building in Atlanta, with national and local retail anchors, restaurants, a food hall, boutiques and offices, and residential units. It is located where the BeltLine crosses Ponce de Leon Avenue in the Old Fourth Ward where that neighborhood touches the Virginia Highland, Poncey-Highland and Midtown neighborhoods. The 2,100,000 ft&sup2; building, one of the largest by volume in the Southeast United States, was used by Sears, Roebuck and Co. from 1926–1987 and later by the City of Atlanta as "City Hall East". The building&#39;s lot covers 16 acre. It officially opened on August 25, 2014. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Occupants</h2><br>
<p>The complex contains offices, apartments, a gourmet food hall, retail stores, educational facilities, and a rooftop amusement park.</p><br>
<p>Larger retail stores include Anthropologie, Citizen Supply, J. Crew, Williams-Sonoma, and West Elm. Ponce City Market states that its food hall is similar to the famous Chelsea Market, New York City, also owned by Jamestown. James Beard-awarded chefs with presence in the food hall include Anne Quatrano of Star Provisions, Linton Hopkins of Restaurant Eugene, and Sean Brock of Charleston, S.C.&#39;s Husk restaurant.</p><br>
<p>Prominent office occupants include the parent company of the global email marketing service MailChimp, Rocket Science Group, and the educational website HowStuffWorks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Origins</h3><br>
<p>The building was built on the site of Ponce de Leon Springs, later the Ponce de Leon amusement park.</p><br>
<h3>As Sears, Roebuck</h3><br>
<p>From 1926 to 1979, it was a Sears, Roebuck and Co. retail store, warehouse and regional office. The Atlanta regional headquarters was closely linked to Sears&#39; efforts to capture the market of Southern farmers through the Sears Agricultural Foundation:</p><br>
<p>From August 1926 until October 1928, the Foundation hosted a radio show, broadcast from the Atlanta Sears tower called “Dinner Bell R.F.D.”. R.F.D. stood for the club "Radio Farmers&#39; Democracy. The show aired on WSB radio between noon and 1 pm three times a week, featuring old-time musicians and string bands</p><br>
<p>Sears held a farmers market at the back of the property starting in May 1930 through New Years Day 1947</p><br>
<p>In 1939, the market hosted the First Georgia Clay Products Show, which garnered an audience of 5,000</p><br>
<p>The market established partnerships with local 4-H Clubs and Future Farmers of America clubs</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the retail store closed but the building continue operating as a Sears regional office until 1987.</p><br>
<h3>As City Hall East</h3><br>
<p>In May 1990, the city of Atlanta bought the building for $12 million, with plans to place 2,000 police and fire employees there, and later rent space out to county, state, and federal agencies. The city subsequently moved the central offices of its police department and fire department into the building. A city-funded art gallery was also established on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>From 1995 to 1999, the Southeastern Flower Show was held here.</p><br>
<p>The building was closed to the public on March 29, 2010.</p><br>
<h3>As Ponce City Market</h3><br>
<p>The City sold the property for $27 million to Jamestown, a private-equity group, on July 11, 2011. Jamestown, which also invested in the redevelopment of the White Provision retail and restaurant complex in West Midtown, bankrolled the 180-million-dollar plans by developer Green Street Properties to convert it into a mixed-use development In a July 2011 interview, Michael Phillips, managing director of Jamestown, said that Jamestown is focused on Ponce City Market becoming the fourth nationally relevant food hall in the USA, alongside Pike Place in Seattle, the Ferry Building in San Francisco, and Jamestown&#39;s own Chelsea Market in New York City. Jamestown also plans rooftop gardens where local restaurants can grow food. Jamestown planned to complete renovations by early 2015 and then have the building added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was hoped that the new development, along with the new adjacent BeltLine trail and Historic Fourth Ward Park, would stitch together the four neighborhoods that meet where it is located and revitalize the Ponce de Leon Avenue corridor.</p><br>
<p>In August 2012, a coffee house, Dancing Goats, opened in a temporary location at the southwest corner of the site in the renovated Sears auto service center building, which also houses the Jamestown offices.</p><br>
<p>Ponce City Market officially opened on August 25, 2014 with "Binders, General Assembly, and the Suzuki School join Dancing Goats Coffee Bar as the first tenants; the plans at that time being that on September 22, athenahealth, the building’s first office tenant, would move 200 employees into the space and food trucks would also be on site starting that day, and residents of the Flats at Ponce would move in October through January."</p><br>
<p>Búrfell  is a basalt tuya located in Iceland. It is situated in the south of the country along the western boundary of the Þjórsárdalur valley.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>There is a lot of different mountains in Iceland by the name of Búrfell, f. ex. Búrfell (Grímsnes), Búrfell (Þingvellir) and Búrfell (Mývatn).</p><br>
<p>The Icelandic word búr means cage or pantry in English.</p><br>
<h2>Búrfellsvirkjun</h2><br>
<p>In 1918 the power company Fossafélagið Títan published plans that included a large hydroelectric plant on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>However, due to lack of funding this came to nothing at the time.</p><br>
<p>Today Búrfellsvirkjun, at the foot of the mountain as well as in the mountain itself, is one of the biggest hydroelectric power stations of Iceland.</p><br>
<p>It started working in 1972 after being erected mainly to produce energy for the aluminium factory (Alcan) in Straumsvík in the vicinity of Reykjavík. It is producing at the moment 270 MW.</p><br>
<p>A lot of the tubes as well as the main power station are lying in tunnels within the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Viking farm museum of Þjóðveldisbær is also situated at the foot of this mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Turn-of-River Bridge, also known as Old North Stamford Road Bridge, is a single-span lenticular pony truss bridge built by the Berlin Iron Bridge Company in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It formerly brought the Old Stamford Road across the Rippowam River, but is now open only to pedestrian traffic, as the road ends shortly before the bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge uses the design patented by William O. Douglas in 1878 for a lens-type truss bridge, and is built out of wrought and cast iron, with pin connections, and has a concrete deck. It rests on stone abutments, and has a total span of 53 ft. It is one of only about twenty lenticular truss bridges remaining in the state. It is now open only to pedestrian traffic.</p><br>
<p>Casa Salazar-Candal  is a historic building located on the southeast corner of Isabel and Mayor Cantera streets in Ponce, Puerto Rico, in the city&#39;s historic district. The building dates from 1911. It was designed by the architect Blas Silva. The architecture consists of 19th Classical revival, Art Nouveau and Spanish Revival architectural styles. Today the Salazar–Candal Residence houses the Museum of the History of Ponce.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Casa Salazar was designed in 1911 by Blas Silva Boucher as the residence of Dr. Guillermo Salazar Palau and his wife Sara Isabel Rivera Carbonell. Later, it became the headquarters of the Alianza Nacionalista de Ponce (Ponce Nationalist Alliance) and later on yet, the headquarters for the Liga Progresista de Ponce (Ponce Progressive League), an organization seeking to preserve and advance the social, cultural, and commercial interest of the city during the first half of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Casa Salazar-Candal is one of a group of stylistically eclectic houses built in Ponce between 1900 and 1915. Designed by architect Blas C. Silva Bouscher in 1911, the building reflects an emerging tendency to incorporate freely diverse and competing architectural motifs. The facade is distinctly rendered in roccoco and moorish detailing to emphasize its bifunctional character as a home and an office respectively. The portion of the structure designed to shelter the family is refined, delicately ornamented and asymmetrical. It utilizes a balcony, raised and detached from the street as a transitional zone between the public and the private sphere.</p><br>
<p>In contrast to the refinement and gentility of the house expressed by its fluted corinthian columns, floral surrounds and composite entablure, the office is fashioned as a moorish garrison exhibiting a crenelated parapet, horseshoe arches with simplified surrounds and planar surfaces. The building plane of the office is pushed forward to meet the sidewalk for public access in order to further express its utilitarian function.</p><br>
<p>Master craftsman Elias Concepcion has been credited with the execution of the interior finishes. His handling of the ornamental elements ranges from the curvilinear and stylized floral motifs present in the stained glass of the double doors, to the rectilinear wood screen—reminiscent of the arts and craft movement – dividing the foyer from the living room. As with the exterior, the interior is a mixture of distinct stylistic elements. The vestibule&#39;s repousse sheet metal ornamentation reflects the roccoco treatment of the exterior, at once maintaining an image of opulence and refinement for the visitor while creating a transitional device for the predominantly planar interior surfaces. Many highstyle interiors of the beginning of the 20th century in the Ponce and Yauco region have been attributed to Elias Concepcion due to his sophisticated integration and subtle resolution of an eclectic vocabulary.</p><br>
<h2>Physical appearance and description</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on a plot of land measuring 31 meters (on Isabel Street), by 13 meters (on Mayor Street), to the South 45 meters and to the East 22 meters. It was built in 1911 in reinforced concrete, brick and stone, and its roof was partly built in concrete and partly in timber with corrugated iron sheets.</p><br>
<p>The house is L-shaped in plan and consists of a main body where the public spaces and bedrooms are located. An extension, known commonly as the "martillo", completes the "L" shape and is where the kitchen and service quarters are located.</p><br>
<p>The facade employs classical elements mixed with moorish influenced details It is divided in three main sections; an ample balcony that corresponds to the family dwelling flanked by two enclosed spaces used formerly as the medical offices of the original owners. Access to this commercial space is directly from the street. The main doors are of a particular design in using the lobulated arch as a motif. These doors have stained glass panels in the art nouveau style. The residence balcony is raised over a rusticated-stone plinth. It is divided into four bays by the use of five paired and fluted corinthian columns. An Italian-influenced balustrade serves as the balcony railing. A cornice, neoclassical in style, runs the whole of the houses facade as well as the crenelated parapet over the office space. The staircase leading to the piano nobile of the house is enhanced and accentuated in the parapet by an elaborated cartouche&#39; indicating the date of construction of the house.</p><br>
<p>From the street, through the staircase and the main entrance, a foyer leads to an interior courtyard from which all the spaces of the house are distributed. Special features of the interior are the stained glass panels in the living room, showing a strong moorish influence in its form (lobulated arches) and its colour. The doors have louvered panels and stained glass insets. The living room, the studio and the bedrooms have pressed tin ceilings.</p><br>
<p>Hudson Falls Historic District is a national historic district located at Hudson Falls in Washington County, New York. It includes 148 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing objects. It encompasses the historic center of the village including residential, commercial, civic, and ecclesiastical buildings, centered on the village park. The buildings were built between 1812 and 1935, the majority between 1875 and 1900, and reflect a variety of 19th and early-20th-century architectural styles. Located within the district is the former Washington County Courthouse  and the separately listed US Post Office-Hudson Falls. One of the oldest structures is a law office building constructed about 1810 and located at 177 Main Street. It is notable as having been the office for Henry C. Martindale  and his clerk, New York Governor Silas Wright .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Fourth and Gill is a neighborhood in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, located north of the citys downtown area. Initially developed in the late nineteenth century as a residential area for Knoxvilles growing middle and professional classes, the neighborhood still contains most of its original Victorian-era houses, churches, and streetscapes. In 1985, 282 houses and other buildings in the neighborhood were added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Fourth and Gill Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Knoxville&#39;s rapid economic growth after the Civil War brought about a housing boom that lasted into the early twentieth century. The presence of the railroad drew heavy industry to the pasturelands north of the city, and residential areas such as Fourth and Gill were developed to provide housing for the managers and workers in the growing number of mills and factories. Much of Fourth and Gill was initially part of the separate city of North Knoxville, which was annexed by Knoxville in 1897. The neighborhood is named for a community center established at the corner of N. Fourth Avenue and Gill Avenue in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Fourth and Gill neighborhood is roughly bounded by Hall of Fame Drive on the east, Broadway (part of USA Highway 441) on the west, Glenwood Avenue to the north, and East Fourth Avenue to the south. The Old North Knoxville community lies just to the north, Parkridge lies on the other side of Hall of Fame drive to the east, and the Emory Place Historic District (part of the citys Downtown-North Corridor) lies just to the south. The neighborhoods community center and oldest houses lie along North Fourth Avenue just east of I-40.</p><br>
<p>The Fourth and Gill neighborhood includes parts of Morgan Street, Gratz Street, Deery Street, Luttrell Street, and Eleanor Street, which run roughly north-to-south, as well as Wells Avenue, Caswell Avenue, Gill Avenue, Lovenia Avenue, and Third Avenue, which run east-to-west. North Fourth Avenue runs east-to-west across the area before veering north to join Gill Avenue as the latter passes under I-40, and then continuing north for several blocks on the east side of I-40.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>What is now Fourth and Gill remained pastureland throughout most of the nineteenth century. The construction of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad just north of Knoxville in 1855 made development in the area more feasible, and by the outbreak of the Civil War, what is now Emory Place had already been annexed by the city. After the war, factories were built along the railroad, and a market developed at Emory Place. This industrial growth brought about a demand for labor and a need for new housing, and around 1880, the first houses were built in what is now Fourth and Gill.</p><br>
<p>The housing boom north of Knoxville brought increased demand for city services, and as bureaucratic issues prevented quick annexation by Knoxville, part of Fourth and Gill—along with what is now Old North Knoxville—incorporated as the separate city of North Knoxville in 1889. L.A. Gratz, for whom Gratz Street is named, served as the citys first mayor, and the citys town hall was located at 977 Gratz Street.</p><br>
<p>During the 1880s and 1890s, several prominent figures built houses in the Fourth and Gill area. Tennessee governor Robert Love Taylor lived in what became known as the Caswell-Taylor House at 803 North Fourth (the house burned in 1985). Architect Albert B. Baumann, Sr., designed the Queen Anne-style cottage at 839 Deery Street for his younger siblings in 1892. Lovenia Avenue, which intersects Deery Street at the cottage, was named for Baumann&#39;s sister. During the following century, residents of Fourth and Gill would include furniture magnate James G. Sterchi, philosopher Albert Chavannes, White Stores founder Frank McDonald, Knoxville mayor Fred Allen, and Knoxville city manager Charles Karns.</p><br>
<p>The advent of the automobile in the 1930s led to a migration from urban areas to suburbs on the periphery of the city, and Fourth and Gill began to decline. Many of the neighborhood&#39;s houses were converted into low-rent apartments and duplexes by absentee landlords, and began to deteriorate. During the late 1970s, however, Fourth and Gill became one of the first neighborhoods in Knoxville to launch a successful urban renewal project, and many of its houses have since been restored.</p><br>
<h2>Fourth and Gill Historic District</h2><br>
<p>The Fourth and Gill Historic District, added to the National Register in 1985, consists of over 250 houses, a school, and three churches, all built between 1880 and 1934. Unlike other Knoxville neighborhoods that developed during the same period, such as Fort Sanders or Mechanicsville, Fourth and Gill still contains most of its original houses, with few modern intrusions. Most of the houses built in the 1880s, 1890s, and 1900s have Queen Anne-style designs, while most of the later houses are Bungalow/Craftsman designs. Other architectural styles in Fourth and Gill include Gothic Revival, Mediterranean Revival, Tudor Revival, American Foursquare, Shingle, and Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<h3>Notable buildings</h3><br>
<p>The Knoxville House of Faith (816 Lovenia), a two-story Gothic Revival-style church built in 1908. Originally the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, the church is now home to a Pentecostal congregation.</p><br>
<p>Central United Methodist Church (201 Third Avenue), a two-story Gothic Revival-style church built in 1927, and designed by architects R. H. Hunt and Albert Baumann, Sr.</p><br>
<p>800 Luttrell Street, a two-story Tudor Revival-style church building constructed 1929.</p><br>
<p>800 Deery Street, a one-story Queen Anne-style cottage built c. 1890, and designed by architect George Barber.</p><br>
<p>821 Deery Street, a two-story Queen Anne-style house built c. 1890, and designed by architect George Barber.</p><br>
<p>839 Deery Street, a one-story Queen Anne-style cottage built c. 1890, and designed by Albert Baumann, Sr., of the architectural firm, Baumann Brothers.</p><br>
<p>Eugene H. Wilson House (941 Eleanor), a two-story Colonial Revival-style house built c. 1905, and designed by architect George Barber.</p><br>
<p>Thomas A. Kluttz House, a two-story Colonial Revival-style house built c. 1900, and designed by Barber & Kluttz</p><br>
<p>Mrs. J. W. Taylor House (703 Luttrell), a one-story Queen Anne-style cottage built in 1902, and designed by architect George Barber.</p><br>
<p>907 Luttrell Street, a two-story Picturesque Vernacular-style house built c. 1895, and designed by architect George Barber.</p><br>
<p>Cleveland Park (729 Morgan), a three-story Mediterranean Revival-style apartment house built c. 1925.</p><br>
<p>800 North Fourth Avenue, a two-story Picturesque Vernacular-style house built in 1891; now serves as the Fourth and Gill community center.</p><br>
<p>804 North Fourth Avenue, a two-story Queen Anne-style house built c. 1880.</p><br>
<p>808 North Fourth Avenue, a two-story Queen Anne-style house built c. 1885.</p><br>
<p>812 North Fourth Avenue, a two-story Picturesque Vernacular-style house built c. 1880.</p><br>
<p>816 North Fourth Avenue, a two-story Queen Anne-style house built c. 1890, and designed by architect George Barber.</p><br>
<p>The Caswell-Taylor House (803 North Fourth Ave.), the home of Governor Robert Love Taylor, was considered a contributing property in the Fourth and Gill Historic District, but is no longer standing. The two-story house was built in the Queen Anne style c. 1880.</p><br>
<p>The Walton Bridge in Keene, New York was built in c. 1890. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. It was destroyed in the flooding caused by Tropical Storm Irene on August 29, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From the registration form for the National Register:</p><br>
<p>The Walton Bridge was originally constructed c.1890 for the Western Plank Road Company in the hamlet of Black Brook (Clinton County, NY) to cross a stream known as Black Brook. The bridge was part of a 14-mile toll road between Black Brook and Franklin controlled by the Western Plank Road Company, which was incorporated in 1850.</p><br>
<p>The Walton Bridge was manufactured and erected by the Berlin Iron Bridge Company (BIBC) of East Berlin, Connecticut. The BIBC, which was formed in 1883, evolved from a series of iron manufacturing businesses (American Corrugated Iron Co., 1868; Metallic Corrugated Shingle Co., 1871; and Corrugated Metal Co., 1873) that made corrugated iron, fireproof shutters and doors and iron roof trusses. In the late 1870s, the Corrugated Metal Company bought the rights to William 0. Douglas&#39;s patented lenticular bridge truss design and entered into the bridge fabricating market. By 1883, most of its business was in bridge fabrication and its name was changed to reflect this.</p><br>
<p>While Berlin Iron Bridge Company (BIBC) did manufacture bridges of other designs, it primarily built lenticular truss bridges. In all, about 1,000 lenticular truss bridges were fabricated by the BIBC between 1878 and the late 1890s and they were sold as far away as San Antonio, Texas. BIB grew to become the largest structural fabricator in New England and was acquired by the American Bridge Company in 1900. The East Berlin factories were eventually dismantled and moved to the new plant in Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, the bridge that crossed Black Brook was determined to be obsolete and replaced by a more substantial span. It was then moved to its present location in the Town of Keene to replace a bridge that had been washed away in a flood along with its abutments. A 1924 report of the Essex County Bridge Committee states that the original Walton Bridge "...was replaced by an old iron bridge obtained by the Town of Keene from its old site in the Town of Black Brook, being placed on the abutments newly built by the Bridge Committee".</p><br>
<p>What is known about earlier bridge crossings at the Walton Bridge site in Keene, is that the Heald family had farms on both sides of the river and were involved in nearby iron mines and a sawmill. In the mid-19th century, they may have built the first bridge at this location, which was likely to have been a simple wooden truss span. The volatile nature of the river at this location is reported to have washed away several 19th-century bridges that were built lower to the river.</p><br>
<p>The bridge that had become obsolete in Black Brook was ideally suited to its new site in Keene. On its higher abutments, protected from the torrents of the river, the Walton Bridge has served this small crossing and unimproved road well and provides a good example of how bridges were moved and reused in other locations. The bridge stayed in active service until 1990, when the Essex County Highway Department decided that, because there was another access to the Dr. Ray Road (Old Gristmill Road), it was not essential and could be closed. It remained in use as a pedestrian bridge between Old Gristmill and Hulls Falls Roads.</p><br>
<p>On August 28, 2011, the bridge was destroyed by the force of floodwaters that followed the rains of Tropical Storm Irene. The bridge in its entirety was washed downstream in pieces, with some lingering in the riverbed near its former site, and others assumed to be far downstream.</p><br>
<p>The E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse is a historic building in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1949–50 and currently houses the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, and the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is one of the last buildings constructed in the Judiciary Square and Municipal Center complex, an important civic enclave since the 1820s. It constitutes an almost entirely unaltered example of early 1950s Stripped Classicism, a non-representational abstraction of the classical style that permeated institutional (especially government) architecture after the Second World War.</p><br>
<p>President Harry S. Truman laid the cornerstone on June 27, 1950, and the building opened in November 1952.</p><br>
<p>It was listed by the National Register of Historic Places. and is a contributing property to the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site. It was renamed in 1997 in honor of E. Barrett Prettyman, the former Chief Judge of the USA Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was built on Reservation 10, a site bounded by Constitution Avenue, Third Street, C Street and John Marshall Place. The building faces south across Constitution Avenue towards the Mall, and was erected on the northwest quadrant of its site. This placement accommodated driveways along the south and west facades, and along with the subsequent plazas and landscaping, provided a buffer between the colonnades of the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse and the verdant Mall, onto which it opened before I.M Pei&#39;s 1970 addition to the National Gallery.</p><br>
<p>With construction starting in 1949, the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse was the last addition to a neighborhood of important civic and municipal structures. Known as the Municipal Center, this neighborhoods history of civic activity dates to the 1820 completion of George Hadfields Old City Hall. In 1932, a formal plan for a Municipal Center, bounded by Constitution Avenue and G Street between 3rd and 6th streets, was designed. By 1934, municipal, police, and juvenile courts had been built on the site; however, the current site of the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse was left vacant due to budgetary concerns. The site was used as a parking lot until 1949 when construction on the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse commenced on the south eastern corner of the Municipal Center site.</p><br>
<p>While composing the buildings exterior, Louis Justement, the architect, employed the grand scale and urban presence of pre-War federal architecture, but relied on "simplicity and architectural expression based on adaptation to functions." The buildings H-plan was generally composed of an eight floor rectangular block that intersected two perpendicular six story wings on the east and west elevations. These secondary pavilions projected forty feet beyond the main building envelope to the north and south, and provided 20 foot setbacks at the sixth floor. A repetitive vertical fenestration pattern classically organized according to base, body, and attic, with recessed aluminum windows surmounted by Virginia serpentine spandrels, unified the main block with its flanking elements. Juxtaposition between the buildings dark attenuated verticals with the light, planar mass of its limestone walls also alluded to the traditional colonnades seen in the Municipal Center buildings of Harris and Wyeth, Crets Folger Shakespeare library of 1928-32 and even to Justements own architecture of the 1920s and 30s. (Note that Justement used no pediments, entablatures, or porticoes, as seen in the Municipal Center, Judiciary Square and Federal Triangle Buildings) These traditional references were further enhanced by the incised flute-like lines of the window returns, and the building&#39;s tripartite organization. The base, (first floor) used floor-to ceiling openings for both windows and doors. A projecting granite frame defined these voids and separated the lower portion from the piers above. The rigorous colonnade then marched across floors 2-4 on the side pavilions and floors 2-5 of the central block. Smaller square windows on the fifth floor of the side wings and the sixth floor of the central block defined the attic floor of the classically organized facade.</p><br>
<p>Although the E. Barett Prettyman Federal Courthouse exterior showed strong classical influences in its fundamental geometric articulation, its facades also reveal interest in the modern aesthetic. The facade composition relied on the juxtaposition of dark attenuated verticals with light, planar sheets of limestone. This architectural reliance on the subtle (light, shadow, and richness of material) indirectly responded to the increasing popularity of Modernism. One contemporary writer labeled the building "a rather conservative version of modern architecture... in order not the conflict with the traditional architecture of the other buildings on the Federal Triangle." Chief Justice Harold M. Stephens comment recounted a fundamental element of modernism: "We wanted the building to be functional, not monumental." As a dual classical/modern expression, the building remains a period work, and evidences the federal governments search for new architectural identities in the wake of the Great Depression and the Second World War.</p><br>
<p>Formally, the buildings massing and articulation responded to an established government style, the stripped classical. This style was promoted chiefly through the work of Paul Phillipe Cret, who sat on numerous local, national, and international architectural juries, held a 34 year tenure at the University of Pennsylvania and served as a member of the tenets of European modernism, but married them with a traditional and classical design vocabulary. Through its symmetrical mass, attenuated verticals and vaguely cubist sculptural element, the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse recalls the work of Cret, Wyeth, and USA Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Louis A. Simon. Justement arranged the buildings interior spaces in such a way that the building would "not only provide adequate quarters for the efficient operation of the Circuit and District Courts and their allied activities for a number of years to come, but would also provide for the convenience and comfort of the judges, attorneys, jurors, witnesses and others who will be required to use the building." These diverse functions mandated innovative programmatic solutions. To give adequate security and segregate public from private spaces, Louis Justement adopted a unique network of primary and secondary circulation, with five distinct transportation cores and a series of main hallways flanked by ancillary circulation spaces. Justement placed the two courts on separate floors to isolate and separate their functions from one another. The District Court help most of the floors, two, four and six. The Court of Appeals, which did not require jury deliberation space to as many courtrooms, occupied floors three and five.</p><br>
<p>The first six floors of the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse were similar in plan. Four elevators opened into a small lobby that accessed the main, double-loaded east-west corridor. The main hallway traveled nearly the entire width of the building and intersected secondary corridors at each end. The secondary corridors, which traveled north-south, provided access to the office spaces. On floors two- four, five, and six, the secondary corridors also connected to guarded entrances, which controlled access to private judge&#39;s corridors. The length of the secondary corridors varied by floor. Courtrooms, however, appeared in set locations. Floors two and four each held seven courtrooms. The north side of the main corridors on each floor accessed six courtrooms, while the seventh was accessed from the south side of the corridors. The sixth floor followed an identical arrangement, but held only six courtrooms. The ceremonial courtroom occupied the space of two typical courtrooms.</p><br>
<p>Aside from the separation of the District and Appeals Courts, a hierarchical and segregated plan was essential to ensure the security and privacy of all trial participants. Justement&#39;s design had to prevent chance encounters between jurors, lawyers, judges and the public. To do so, he enclosed all courtrooms within a perimeter of office spaces and corridors, limiting external stimuli, such as light and noise. Moreover, three distinct circulation networks guaranteed that prisoners, judges, lawyers and jurors would interact only in the controlled environment of the courtroom. This arrangement forced Justement to literally wrap, both vertically and horizontally, his circulation matrices around each courtroom.</p><br>
<p>Not only did Justements plan create separate zones of circulation, but it also incorporated separate spaces devoted to the various trial participants, placing all court activities under one roof. The courthouse had designated facilities for courtrooms, judges, jurors, witnesses, prisoners, and lawyers. For instance, judges and their clerks were ensconced in chambers located conveniently near each judges courtrooms, while lawyers congregated in a conference room adjacent to the courtroom floor. Jurors waited in a large, private lounge and were often sequestered in dormitory rooms on the Courthouse&#39;s 7th and 8th floors. Even the media had a press room, with booths for transcribing notes. Furthermore, public telephones were placed on every floor.</p><br>
<p>The building had three main first floor pedestrian entrances, located on the south, east, and west elevations. A secondary employee entrance and a prisoner can entrance were located on the north elevation. All four entrances directly accessed the first floor&#39;s main east-west corridor. The following list describes the spaces originally contained on each floor.</p><br>
<p>Basement: The basement housed a kitchen, cafeteria, prisoner holding cells, custodial offices, locker rooms, parking garage, pistol range, and mechanical spaces.</p><br>
<p>First Floor: The west half of this floor was reserved for the USA Marshal&#39;s offices, the Probation Officer, the USA Commissioner and the Superintendent of the building. The east half of the floor was reserved for the Clerk of the District Court, the Health Unit and the Register of Wills. (No courtrooms originally existed on this floor).</p><br>
<p>Second Floor: The second floor contained seven District Courtrooms including adjacent judges chambers, as well as the Domestic Relations Commissioner, the Veterans Commissioner, the Commission on Mental Health and the Referee of Bankruptcy, all of which were District Court functions.</p><br>
<p>Third Floor: The offices of the USA Attorney occupied the west, south, and east sides of the third floor. The Library of the District of Columbia Bar Association and the offices of the Assignment Commissioner of the District Court, were located on the north edge of this floor. Two Grand Jury Rooms appeared on the southern edge of the main east-west corridor. (No courtrooms appeared on this floor).</p><br>
<p>Fourth Floor: This floor held seven courtrooms, and associated judges chambers, prisoners holding cells and jury rooms. It also contained separate lounges for jurors, witnesses and lawyers. A Press Room, 13 three-room court reporter suites and offices for the Court Auditor and Jury Commissioner, were also located on this floor.</p><br>
<p>Fifth Floor: This entire floor was devoted to the Court of Appeals. It contained a single courtroom, nine judges chambers, and two smaller retired judges chambers, two conference rooms, offices for the Clerk of the Court of Appeals and the Marshal of the Court of Appeals. The fifth floor held a second law library, which was shared by both the District and Appeals Courts.</p><br>
<p>Sixth Floor: The sixth floor has six courtrooms, one of which was a double wide ceremonial courtroom. This floor additionally had associated judges chambers, jury rooms, the judges dining room and the District Court Committee on Admissions and Grievances.</p><br>
<p>Seventh and Eighth Floors: These floors contained jury sequestration rooms and spaces for mechanical equipment.</p><br>
<p>Simiutaq Island is a 13 x uninhabited island in the Qeqqata municipality in western Greenland, located in the mouth of the long Kangerlussuaq Fjord. For the former USA radio station there, see Simiutak.</p><br>
<p>Supply ships of Royal Greenland and cruise ships, such as Norway&#39;s Hurtigruten sail into Kangerlussuaq Fjord south of the island. The fjord is navigable in its entire length, with the ships mooring at the Kangerlussuaq port, west of Kangerlussuaq Airport. There are several small skerries in the mouth of the fjord, at the southern end of Simiutaq Island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is located on the shores of Davis Strait, separated from the mainland by the Amerluunguaq Strait in the north, and by the main arm of the Kangerlussuaq Fjord in the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Simiutaq is not an outlying island; it would have been a continuation of the landmass in the north were it not for the narrow and shallow Amerlunnguaq Strait, which branches to the west off Kangerlussuaq Fjord near the mouth of the latter. Simiutaq is roughly triangular in shape, mostly hilly, with low undulading plain in the north, and the highest point at 775 m.</p><br>
<h2>Promontories</h2><br>
<h2>Settlement</h2><br>
<p>The closest settlement is Kangaamiut, located on a small island on the shores of Davis Strait, approximately 26 km south of the island.</p><br>
<p>The Mụ Giạ Pass  is a mountain pass in the Annamite Range between northern Vietnam and Laos, located 90 km northwest of Đồng Hới, Vietnam. The pass is 418 m above sea level and connects National Road 15 from Tân Ấp in Vietnam to Route 12 in Khammouane Province in Laos.</p><br>
<p>The pass was the principal point of entry into the Ho Chi Minh Trail through Laos. A CIA landscape analysis prepared in February 1966 described Route 15 as threading "its way upstream along a narrow, steep-sided valley. To the left rise dog-toothed limestone peaks, to the right is a flat-topped plateau. Dense tropical rain forest covers the entire area, almost frustrating aerial observation. The road is carved out of the steep hillside, for in most places there is not enough room for both road and stream in the constricted bottom of the ravine". Due to its difficult geography, the pass was identified as a choke point, and, as a result, was heavily bombed first as part of Operation Barrel Roll and later as part of Operation Rolling Thunder and Operation Commando Hunt. By March 1966, it was estimated that 75% of all truck traffic into Laos went through the pass.</p><br>
<p>On 12 April 1966, 29 B-52s attacked the pass for the first time in the largest bombing mission since World War II, using a combination of subsurface and delayed action bombs over a 5 km section, but the pass was not closed by landslides as had been hoped for. A second B-52 strike took place on 26 April but the damage was repaired within 10 hours and convoys were seen using the pass the next day. A CIA report noted that the "Communists will spare no effort to keep it open". Despite frequent bombing, the United States Air Force and United States Navy were never able to put the pass out of operation for any sustained period of time. The North Vietnamese Army (NVA) also constructed several bypass roads around the pass to the east and west of Route 12 in Laos By 1972 SAM-2 missiles covered approaches to the pass, forcing B-52s and gunships to keep their distance reducing the interdiction effort.</p><br>
<p>The Tulpehocken Station Historic District is a historic area in the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Large suburban houses were built in the area from about 1850 to 1900 in a variety of styles including Carpenter Gothic, Italianate, and Bracketed as part of the Picturesque Movement of architecture. In the 1870s styles moved toward High Victorian and Second Empire. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, and it covers about six square blocks, bounded by McCallum Street on the north, the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks on the south, Tulpehocken Street on the west, and Walnut Lane on the east. Thirty-seven buildings in the district are considered to be significant and 118 are considered to be contributing, with only 13 considered to be intrusions.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Among the 80 acre district&#39;s 155 contributing properties are:</p><br>
<p>Kimball House, 144 West Walnut Lane, built 1860</p><br>
<p>Ebenezer Maxwell House, 200 W. Tulpehocken St., built 1859</p><br>
<p>Mitchell House, 200 W. Walnut Lane, built c. 1856</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church of Germantown, 6000 Wayne Ave., built 1873</p><br>
<p>Tulpehocken Station, 314 West Tulpehocken St., built 1878</p><br>
<p>Van Dyke Residence, 150 West Walnut Lane, built c. 1860</p><br>
<p>The Sidney Waterworks and Electric Light Building is a historic structure on the east side of Sidney, Ohio, United States. Erected in 1873,</p><br>
<p>Built on a limestone foundation, the buildings four floors have always been used for distinct purposes. While the buildings machinery was located on the lower two floors, the upper two floors were used for residential purposes.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the Sidney Waterworks and Electric Light Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its historical and architectural significance. As an early utility plant, the building is important in statewide history, and it is architecturally notable because of its western facade, which faces the Great Miami River. Today, the entire structure is used as a house.</p><br>
<p>Island Home Park is a neighborhood in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, located in the southeastern part of the city along the Tennessee River. Developed as a streetcar suburb in the early 1900s, the neighborhood retains most of its original houses and streetscapes, and is home to the city&#39;s largest concentration of Bungalow-style houses. In 1994, several dozen houses in Island Home Park were added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Island Home Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>What is now Island Home Park was originally part of a farm, named "Island Home," established by Knoxville businessman and philanthropist Perez Dickinson (1813&ndash;1901) in the 1870s. The completion of the Gay Street Bridge in 1898 led to the commercial and residential development of the South Knoxville area, and the Island Home Park neighborhood was established the following year. For much of its early existence, Island Home Park was home to a number of professionals and managers involved in Knoxville&#39;s wholesaling trade and other industries.</p><br>
<p>The campus of the Tennessee School for the Deaf developed adjacent to Island Home Park in the 1920s, and the Knoxville Downtown Island Airport developed on Dickinson&#39;s Island adjacent to the neighborhood during the 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Island Home Park is located along the south bank of the Tennessee River, just southeast of Knoxvilles downtown area. The neighborhood is roughly bounded by the river on the north, the Tennessee School for the Deaf campus to the east, and Island Home Avenue on the west and south. Dickinsons Island, home to the Downtown Island Airport, is located in the middle of the river at River Mile 650.</p><br>
<p>Island Home Boulevard, a true boulevard with the right and left lanes divided by a grassy median, bisects the center of the Island Home Park neighborhood. Along with adjacent Spence Place and Fisher Place, it contains the neighborhood&#39;s oldest houses. Newer areas have developed to the south and west.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Knoxville businessman Perez Dickinson purchased what is now Island Home Park from Colonel Thomas Spence in 1869. Dickinson, originally a professor at East Tennessee College, cofounded the successful wholesaling firm, Cowan and Dickinson, in 1831, and helped establish the firm, Cowan, McClung and Company, just before the Civil War. Dickinson built a large Italianate house (now part of the TSD campus) on the property in 1875, and in subsequent years developed the land into a cattle farm. Dickinson named the farm "Island Home" after the island in the adjacent stretch of the Tennessee River (this island is now known as Dickinson&#39;s Island).</p><br>
<p>Dickinson&#39;s Island Home farm covered 600 acre, with 200 acre criss-crossed by white picket fences. Island Home also served as a gathering place for various clubs and societies.</p><br>
<p>The development of the Island Home Park neighborhood began with the completion of the "new" Gay Street Bridge in 1898. This new bridge was equipped with trolley tracks, connecting for the first time Knoxville and South Knoxville via trolley. The Island Home Park Company was founded in 1899 for the purpose of establishing a suburb on land acquired from Dickinson.</p><br>
<p>Like most of Knoxvilles early streetcar suburbs, such as Old North Knoxville and Fourth and Gill, Island Home Parks original residents consisted of middle and upper middle class medical and financial professionals, factory and retail managers, and Tennessee Valley Authority engineers and specialists. One notable early resident was actor John Cullum, who has spoken fondly of the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The Tennessee School for the Deaf moved to its present campus immediately east of Island Home Park in 1924, after selling its original school building on Western Avenue to the City of Knoxville for use as a city hall. The Downtown Island Airport is rooted in a charter flight service established by early Knoxville aviator Tom Kesterson on Dickinson&#39;s Island in 1930.</p><br>
<h2>Island Home Park Historic District</h2><br>
<p>The Island Home Park Historic District consists of 91 contributing houses situated along Island Home Boulevard, Spence Place, Fisher Place, and Maplewood. The two stone gateposts at the neighborhood&#39;s western entrance are listed as contributing objects, and the trolley turnaround just inside the gateposts and the median along Island Home Boulevard are listed as contributing sites. Bungalow, Craftsman, and Tudor Revival are the most common architectural styles.</p><br>
<h3>Notable houses</h3><br>
<p>1900 Maplewood Drive, a one-story Bungalow-style house built between 1900 and 1910, apparently predating the general establishment of the Island Home Park neighborhood. This house is listed on the Register as 1900 Spence Place.</p><br>
<p>1936 Maplewood Drive, a one-story Craftsman-style house built c. 1915 to 1920. This house is listed on the Register as 1936 Spence Place.</p><br>
<p>2004 Spence Place, a two-story brick Colonial Revival-style house with French tile roof covering, built c. 1920. This was the home of Dual-Use Company president and Knoxville mayor Ernest Neal during the late 1920s.</p><br>
<p>2036 Spence Place, a two-story Craftsman-style house built c. 1916. This house was the home of Knoxville judge and businessman John L. Greer, best known as the owner of 1975 Kentucky Derby winner Foolish Pleasure.</p><br>
<p>2100 Spence Place, a two-story brick Tudor Revival house built c. 1927. During the 1930s, this house was home to TVA engineer Carl Bock, who helped design Norris, Wheeler, Pickwick, Hiwassee, and Kentucky dams.</p><br>
<p>2000 Island Home Boulevard, a Craftsman-style house with a Neoclassical-style front porch, built c. 1915.</p><br>
<p>2103 Island Home Boulevard, a one-story Craftsman-style house built c. 1915. The house was originally home to Holt Engineering Company founder and Gatlinburg city manager Herbert Holt.</p><br>
<p>2200 Island Home Boulevard, a one-story Tudor Revival house built c. 1926. This house was originally home to Flenniken Construction Company president and Knoxville city commissioner John Flenniken and his wife, Laura. Country music pioneer Archie Campbell may have lived in a guest house on the property in 1936.</p><br>
<p>2221 Island Home Boulevard (Platt House), a two-story American Foursquare house built c. 1915. The Platt family, which moved into the house in 1928, consisted of Southern Railway roadmaster Joseph Platt, his wife, Elizabeth, and son, Samuel. Samuel Platt, who continued to reside in the house until the 1960s, grew up to become a prominent local physician, and served as president of the Knoxville Academy of Medicine.</p><br>
<p>2222 Island Home Boulevard, a one-story Craftsman-style house built c. 1917. This house was initially the home of Knoxville office supply entrepreneur William A. McCallie.</p><br>
<p>2227 Island Home Boulevard, a one-story Tudor Revival house built c. 1932.</p><br>
<p>2237 Island Home Boulevard, a two-story Craftsman-style house with Prairie School influence, built c. 1912. During the 1930s and 1940s, this was the home of C. M. McClung and Company manager George A. Mary.</p><br>
<p>2245 Island Home Boulevard, a two-story Tudor Revival house built in 1927.</p><br>
<p>2316 Island Home Boulevard, a one-story Craftsman-style house built c. 1927. This house was originally home to long-time Knoxville Electric Company owner Lewis P. Self.</p><br>
<p>2321 Island Home Boulevard ("Jeweland"), a two-story Bungalow-style house with massive cobblestone pillars, built c. 1910.</p><br>
